/ 


Cl . Bk. 


THE  ETHEL  CARR  PEACOCK 

MEMORIAL  COLLECTION 

Matris  amori  monumentum 


TRINITY  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 


DURHAM,  N.  C. 

1903 

Gift  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Dred  Peacock 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2019  with  funding  from 
Duke  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/biennialmessageoOOnort 


BIENNIAL  MESSAGE 


OF 

ELIAS  CARR 


GOVERNOR  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA, 


TO  THE 


GENERAL  ASSEMBLY, 

SESSION  OF  1895. 


RALEIGH  : 

Josephus  Daniels,  State  Printer  and  Binder. 

PRESSES  OF  E.  M.  UZZELL. 

1895. 


BIENNIAL  MESSAGE  OF  ELIAS  CARR,  GOVERNOR 


OF  NORTH  CAROLINA,  TO  THE  GENERAL 
ASSEMBLY— SESSION  OF  1895. 

' 

MU  '  H 


Gentlemen  of  the  General  Assembly: 


L  Our  Constitution  requires  that  the  Governor  “shall  from 
time  to  time  give  the  General  Assembly  information  of  the 
affairs  of  the  State  and  recommend  to  their  consideration 
such  measures  as  he  shall  deem  expedient.” 

In  order  to  be  better  fitted  for  this  task  I  have  since 
the  adjournment  of  the  last  Legislature  endeavored  to 
acquaint  myself  with  the  various  departments  and  the 
management  of  the  State  institutions.  The  recommenda- 
dons  which  will  be  placed  before  you  for  your  considera¬ 
tion  are  obtained  largely  from  personal  visits  and  inspec¬ 
tor!.  I  have  visited  and  inspected  during  the  interim : 
The  State  Prison  frequently ;  the  State  farms  on  the  Roa- 
'  Hike  annually ;  the  University  each  recurring  commence- 
nent;  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  commence- 
uents;  the  closing  exercises  of  the  Normal  and  Industrial 
School ;  the  State  Fairs  at  the  Capital ;  the  State  Guard 
ncampments  at  Morehead,  and  every  other  institution  to 
/hicli  the  State  contributes  financial  aid,  save  alone  the  two 
h'phan  Asylums  at  Oxford  and  some  of  the  Normal 
chools.  These  last  being  under  the  very  efficient  super- 


4 


governor’s  message. 


vision  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  I  refcl 
you  for  information  concerning  them  to  his  report. 

It  is  gratifying  to  bear  testimony  to  the  honest  an 
efficient  management  of  these  various  State  institutioi 
and  to  ask  your  favorable  consideration  of  their  varioil 
reports  accompanying  this  message,  and  recommendation 
made  therein.  In  this  State  the  responsibility  for  legislt 
tion  is  not  a  divided  one  between  the  Legislative  arl 
Executive  branches,  as  in  the  Federal  Government  and  1 
many  of  the  States.  Under  our  Constitution  the  Govern! 
has  no  veto  power;  the  most  he  can  do  is  to  recommenl 
and  the  whole  responsibility  is  made  to  rest  with  tUj 
Legislature.  This  being  the  case,  it  becomes  all  the  mod 
important  that  your  action  should  be  wise,  conservatiM 
and  well  considered.  Nothing  now  existing  should 
changed  unless  you  are  satisfied  that  you  can  impro 
upon  it.  Change  simply  for  the  sake  of  change  may  ai 
probably  will  result  in  serious  injury  to  some  of  the  mal 
fold  interests  of  the  State.  It  has  not  hitherto  been  te 
custom  in  this  State  to  make  changes  except  when  exp* 
euce  or  observation  taught  that  a  change  was  necessaj' 
and  helpful.  Our  charitable  and  penal  institutions  ha|J 
been  well  and  economically  managed.  These  instituting 
invite  your  close  investigation  and  scrutiny.  After  yu 
have  made  this  examination,  in  the  spirit  of  truth  and  fal't 
ness,  I  am  sure  that  you  will  readily  concede  the  wisdifl 


and  economv  of  their  management. 


If  vou  should  fid 


this  to  be  their  condition,  then  I  am  sure  you  will  be  s 


to  make  any  changes  which  cannot  be  fully  justified  in 
light  of  subsequent  experience. 


ie 


CITY  AND  COUNTY  GOVERNMENT. 


, 


Our  city  and  county  government-  necessarily  form  iinj 
tant  parts  in  the  machinery  of  government  in  this  Stjal 


governor’s  message. 


0 


They  absorb  very  much  more  of  the  taxes  of  the  people 
than  the  State  government  with  all  its  varied  and  impor¬ 
tant  functions.  No  well-informed  man  can  say  that  these 
governments,  as  a  rule,  have  not  been  well  managed. 
There  may  have  been  here  and  there  a  few  exceptions,  but 
)-i  close  scrutiny  and  a  rigid  examination  will  develop  the 
fact  that  in  all  the  history  of  the  State  the  city  and  county 
governments  have  never  been  more  wisely  and  economi¬ 
cally  administered  than  for  the  past  fifteen  years.  You 
hould  hesitate  long  and  anxiously  before  you  make  any 

ij 

Iteration  in  the  system  which  has  produced  such  good 
-  esults.  It  seems  to  me  you  should  feel  satisfied  that  the 
Proposed  form  of  government  will  produce  better  results  in 
efficiency  and  economy,  and  not  allow  the  prejudices  of 
arty  feeling  to  influence  you  to  the  enactment  of  a  law 
Ophieh  may  bring,  to  a  part  of  the  State  at  least,  loss  of 
;  roperty,  depreciation  of  values,  and,  instead  of  progress, 
^Progression  in  business  activity. 

If  the  changes  you  make  fail  to  accomplish  such  results 
i'  le  responsibility  will  rest  on  you,  but  the  people  will 
■  avc  the  burdens  to  bear,  and  pay  the  expenses  of  your 
djkperiment.  In  campaign  after  campaign  a  change  in 
tiiir  system  of  county  government  was  proposed  by  one 
irty,  antagonized  by  the  other.  Time  and  again  it  has 

|;en  discussed  and  fought  out  before  the  people,  and  the 
irty  proposing  the  change,  etc.,  always  went  down  in 
Teat.  This  question  was  not,  in  my  judgment,  the  promi- 
mt  question  in  the  last  campaign.  The  causes  which 
iuj'ierated  most  potently  to  bring  you  into  power  as  law¬ 
makers  are  to  be  found  in  other  questions.  Had  this  been 
’e  only  or  the  great  issue  before  the  people  their  verdict, 
'  my  opinion,  would  have  been  otherwise.  But  be  that 
iff]  it  may,  the  judgment  of  the  people  has  after  full  and 
djf  r  discussion  been  in  favor  of  the  present  system.  It 


« 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


therefore  lias  the  approval  of  the  people  as  well  as  the 
best  results  in  practice  to  commend  it  to  your  better  judg¬ 
ment  and  to  warn  you  against  making  useless  changes. 

SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

By  reference  to  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  State  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  total  amount  collected  by  that  office 
and  paid  into  the  Treasury  amounts  to  $103,788.48.  a  sum 
by  $11,000  in  excess  of  the  total  expense  of  the  Executive, 
Judicial  and  Railroad  Commission  departments.  I  desire 
to  call  your  attention  especially  to  this  source  of  revenue 
to  the  State,  as  it  is  in  nowise  a  burden  to  the  citizens. 

The  suggestions  and  recommendations  contained  in  the! 
report  meet  my  commendation. 

treasurer’s  report. 

The  State  Treasurer’s  report  presents  a  healthful  condi 
tion  of  the  State’s  finances.  It  shows  a  cash  balance  oi 
band  at  the  close  of  the  past  fiscal  year,  ending  Noveml  > 
her  30th,  of  $114,531.15,  notwithstanding  a  reduction  o  ; 
the  tax  levy  by  the  Legislature  of  1893  from  twenty -fiV'  • 
cents  to  twenty-two  cents. 

The  total  estimate  of  expenses  required  by  law  to  h  ■ 
furnished  by  the  Treasurer  to  the  General  Assembly  dj 
1895  is  shown  to  be  $860,400,  and  a  similar  amount  fa  I 
1896,  less  $63,000,  the  expenses  of  the  Legislature.  Till  ] 
present  levy  upon  last  year’s  assessment  will  yield  onl 
$815,000.  or  an  excess  of  disbursements  over  receipts  da 
$45,400.  It  will  not  be  wise  under  the  circumstance  j 
to  estimate  receipts  from  any  other  source.  Under  tli 
funding  act  of  1879  $3,322,800  in  four  per  cent,  bonds  hav 
been  issued  in  exchange  for  the  old  recognized  debt  of  tl 
State.  There  are  still  some  old  bonds  outstanding  whirl 
when  funded  will  require  a  further  issue  of  $292,970  ne  1 


governor’s  message. 


7 


four  per  cent,  bonds,  making  a  total  possible  debt  of 
$3,615,770,  bearing  four  per  cent,  interest.  The  State 
owns,  as  an  investment,  $136,750  of  these  bonds  and  the 
Board  of  Education  owns  $143,250. 

The  North  Carolina  Railroad  six  per  cent,  construction 
bonds,  amounting  to  $2,720,000,  are  secured  by  the  State’s 
three-fourths  interest  in  the  road,  the  dividends  from  which 
are  more  than  ample  to  meet  the  interest. 

The  recommendations  and  suggestions  contained  in  the 
report  meet  my  hearty  approval.  For  two  years  past  I 
have  been  in  almost  daily  contact  wTith  the  retiring  Treas¬ 
urer,  having  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  man  and  his 
methods.  His  familiarity  with  the  financial  affairs  of  the 
State,  the  systematic  manner  of  conducting  his  office,  his 
wisdom  in  council  and  his  many  other  sterling  traits  of 
character  have  greatty  endeared  him  to  us  all.  Honora¬ 
ble,  capable,  efficient,  the  State  loses  an  officer  who  has 
been  faithful  and  devoted  to  his  trust. 

STATE  auditor’s  REPORT. 

1 

In  calling  your  attention  to  this  report  1.  would  ask  you 
d  pay  special  attention  to  his  recommendations  on  equali- 
ation  of  taxation.  This  is  a  very  important  matter,  and 
would  recommend  the  establishment  of  a  State  Board  of 

" 

Iqualization.  All  property  should  be  proportionately  and 
11  classes  of  citizens  should  be  equally  taxed.  The  net 
kcrease  of  property  subject  to  taxation  for  1893  over  1892 
as  $1,209,392.15.  In  1892  there  wras  collected  for  taxes 
1,395,899.73,  in  1893  $1,358,994.75;  showing  $36,904.98 
ss  collected  in  1893  than  in  1892.  The  reduction  of 
x  levy  of  three  cents,  from  twenty-five  to  twenty -two, 
■counts  for  the  less  sum  collected  for  general  purposes, 
btwithstanding  the  aggregate  increase  in  values  and  the 
crease  of  one  cent  for  school  purposes. 


8 


governor’s  message. 


The  State  and  county  taxes  for  1893  for  all  purposes 
were : 

State  taxes _ _ $1,358,944  75 

County  taxes _  1,058,941  69 

Total _ $2,417,935.44 

Estimating  the  population  for  that  year  for  the  State) 
1,675,000,  the  per  capita  tax  was  $1.44  for  all  purposes.! 
The  report  of  the  Auditor  on  the  average  valuation  of  laud' 
per  acre  is  very  interesting  and  discloses  some  remarkable 
facts  which  should  command  vour  attention. 


PENSIONS. 


No  subject  which  will  be  called  to  your  attention  is  more 
worthy  your  generous  consideration  than  the  pensions  pan¬ 
to  the  surviving  Confederate  soldiers  and  their  widows 
This  class  of  our  citizens  is  fast  passing  away,  and  ii  i 
their  declining  years  of  infirmity  they  should  have  th 
tender  care  and  support  of  the  State.  No  more  fittin: 
tribute  of  a  State’s  appreciation  to  those  who  have  she*! 
luster  and  glory  on  the  name  of  North  Carolina  and  he 
institutions  could  be  shown  than  in  granting  to  them  thi 


meager  support.  The  Auditor  recommends  an  increas 
from  three  and  one-third  cents  on  the  one  hundred  dolla: 
worth  of  property  and  ten  cents  on  poll  to  four  and  on 
half  cents  on  property  and  thirteen  and  one-half  cents  o 
poll,  which  would  raise  sufficient  funds  to  pay  the  soldie 
and  widows  of  soldiers  the  full  quota  allowed  by  laV 
to-wit : 

First  class - $11' 

Second  class _ 

Third  class _ 

Fourth  class,  soldiers _ 

H 

Fourth  class,  widows -  ' 


governor’s  message. 


9 


I  respectfully  ask  your  careful  attention  to  this  recom¬ 
mendation,  and  believe  that  our  people  will  gladly  pay 
this  tax  in  order  that  those  who  are  to-day  monuments  of 
the  great  struggle  for  civil  rights  and  individual  Statehood 
may  as  they  decline  in  years  and  feebleness  be  aided  by 
their  State  to  the  fullest  extent,  especially  when  we  con¬ 
sider  that  no  one  can  be  a  beneficiary  of  this  law  who 
owns  five  hundred  dollars’  worth  of  property,  or  holds  a 
position  under  State  or  nation  which  pays  three  hundred 
dollars  per  year.  Consequently  only  the  poorest  of  our 
soldiers  are  benefited,  and  these  should  receive  our  care 
and  support. 

The  pensions  now  being  paid  by  the  State  are  $105,132. 

Amount  issued  in  1893 _ Y _ $99,280  00 

increase  in  1894  over  1893  _  5,818  00 


The  present  levy,  three  and  one-third  cents  on  the  one 
mndred  dollars’  worth  of  property  and  ten  cents  on  poll, 
vill  produce  for  the  current  year  $111,390.77. 

From  the  Auditor’s  report  pertaining  to  the  general 
indebtedness  of  the  State  it  appears  that  in  many  coun¬ 
lies  (at  least  over  half),  under  the  present  system  of  county 
overnment,  there  is  no  indebtedness  whatever;  that  the 
axable  property  of  the  State  amounts  to  $262,927,119.87, 
nd  that  the  total  indebtedness  is  about  one-twenty-fifth  of 
lis  amount.  This  shows  that  the  people  of  North  Caro- 
na  own  twenty-five  times  more  than  their  public  indebt- 
iness,  and,  further,  that  in  the  cities  and  towns  this  indebt- 
Iness  has  been  incurred  for  the  most  part  on  permanent 
oprovements,  such  as  electric  light  systems,  water-works, 
reet  improvements,  etc.;  in  the  counties  for  new  and 
nproved  jails  and  court-houses. 

Considering  the  onerous  burdens  under  which  our  peo- 
e  have  lived  since  the  war,  it  shows  conclusively  that  the 


10 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


party  intrusted  with  the  administration  of  public  affairs 
has  given  to  the  people  such  a  State  government  that  the 
light  of  prosperity  from  onerous  taxation  is  dawning  in 
North  Carolina.  Furthermore,  that  the  State  of  North 
Carolina  levies  and  collects  for  general  purposes  a  lower 
rate  of  taxes  than  any  State  of  the  Union  compar¬ 
ing  in  characteristics  with  this  State,  and  all  expenses 
have  been  kept  strictly  within  the  appropriations  and 
moneys  provided  for  the  maintenance  of  government. 
The  further  inquiry  into  this  subject  will  show  that  thel 
general  expenses  of  the  Executive  part  of  the  government 
are  paid  by  corporations  doing  business  in  the  State  from 
other  States.  Such  being  the  case,  can  we  not  congratulate 
the  people  on  this  relief  from  taxation  and  upon  the 
splendid  management  of  a  State  government  the  Execu¬ 
tive  and  Judicial  part  of  which  can  be  paid  from  revenues 
collected  by  taxes  imposed  on  foreign  corporations,  through 
the  wisdom  of  a  party  which  has  always  looked  to  then 
welfare  and  sought  to  give  them  a  government  pure  ii 
finance  and  for  their  best  interests? 


REPORT  OF  THE  ATTORNEY  GENERAL. 

1  recommend  the  adoption  of  every  suggestion  made  b\ 
the  Attorney  General  in  his  report,  and  particularly  tliosjl 
concerning  slander,  trusts  and  lynching.  With  reference 
to  the  last  mentioned  offense  I  call  attention  to  the  follow 
ing  language  used  by  him: 

“The  Legislature,  having  done  all  that  it  can  to  seciiij 
promptness  in  trials  and  to  place  the  State  on  an  equalit.i 
with  the  defendant,  should  then  pass  more  effective  lav 
against  lynching  itself.  There  has  been  no  indictmei 
prosecuted  to  a  conviction  against  lynchers  in  North  Can 
lina  for  years  past,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  lean 
There  have  been  frequent,  patient  and  thorough  invest 


governor’s  message. 


11 


gations  of  the  crime  before  the  grand  juries,  bills  sent  by 
Solicitors,  but  few  true  bills  returned.  The  reason  for  this 
is  but  too  plain  for  discussion,  and  the  same  result  will 
follow  as  long  as  a  Solicitor  is  compelled  to  begin  proceed¬ 
ings  against  defendants  in  the  county  where  the  crime 
has  been  committed.  Your  Excellency  would  do  well  to 
recommend  to  the  Legislature  the  enactment  of  a  law  giv¬ 
ing  a  Solicitor  of  the  Superior  Court  the  right  to  send  a 
rill  of  indictment  for  this  offense  before  the  grand  jury  of 
my  county  in  his  district  which  he  may  desire,  writh  nec¬ 
essary  provisions  to  summons  witnesses  in  that  behalf,  and 
:onfer  upon  the  Superior  Court  Judge  the  right  to  try  the 
ase  in  any  county  which  he  may  deem  proper  in  his 
iscretion.” 

CRIME. 

Criminal  laws  should  be  so  amended  as  to  provide  for 
lenalties  increasing  in  severity  in  proportion  to  the  num¬ 
ber  of  times  a  prisoner  may  be  convicted.  The  absolute 
nowledge  of  the  infliction  of  more  rigorous  penalties  in 
his  matter  would  prove  a  great  deterrent  and  tend  to 
slieve  society  of  many  habitual  criminals. 


REQUISITIONS. 

■  There  are  now  no  charges  made  by  our  State  against 
jay  other  State  in  case  of  requisition.  There  are  States  in 
le  Union,  however,  which  do  make  such  charges.  I  sug- 
est  to  the  Legislature  that  a  law  be  enacted  authorizing 
ie  Governor  before  granting  a  warrant  of  extradition  to 
quire  fees  to  be  paid  for  it  by  any  State  which  has  a  law 
larging  fees  in  like  cases. 


JUDICIARY. 

Court  Stenographer. 

As  a  saving  to  the  tax-payers,  a  convenience  to  the 
'  »urts,  both  Superior  and  Supreme,  and  often  to  the  Execu- 


12 


GOVERNOR  ,  S  M ESSAGE. 


tive,  who,  when  considering  pardons,  has  frequently  to 
refer  to  the  bench  notes  in  the  case  as  the  only  protection 
to  the  State,  I  would  recommend  the  establishment  of  the 
office  of  Court  Stenographer. 

Compensation  of  Solicitors. 

The  office  of  Solicitor  is  one  of  dignity,  importance  and 
responsibility.  The  compensation  of  such  an  officer  ought 
not  to  be  made  to  depend  upon  the  number  of  convictions 
obtained  in  the  execution  of  his  varied  and  weighty  duties. 
If  a  man  is  worthy  to  fill  this  high  office  he  can  surely  bi 
trusted  to  perform  his  full  duty  without  the  stimulus  of  :: 
trifling  fee,  dependent  upon  his  success  in  obtaining  ver 
diets.  In  the  consideration  of  the  question  whether  a  mai 
should  be  prosecuted  for  murder  or  manslaughter,  fo 
instance,  a  Solicitor  ought  not  to  be  liable  to  be  affected  b; 
the  difference  of  fees  legally  taxable  for  the  differen 
degrees  of  homicide.  In  the  prosecution  of  offenses  whic 
are  usually  committed  by  wholesale,  such  as  selling  liquo 
without  a  license,  he  should  not  have  the  temptatioi 
always  before  him  to  multiply  indictments  to  his  ow 
pecuniary  advantage.  The  effect  of  sending  numerou 
indictments  to  the  grand  jury  is  uniformly  to  increas 
the  costs,  and  at  the  same  time  to  reduce  the  amount  ( 
the  fine  which  should  go  to  the  school  fund,  for  a  Judg 
in  fixing  the  amount  of  a  fine  is  almost  obliged  to  tak 
into  consideration  the  amount  of  the  costs  incurred.  Till 
appeal  so  frequently  made  to  a  Solicitor  to  suspend  h 
prayer  for  judgment  upon  the  payment  of  the  costs  oug 
not  to  be  made  to  an  officer  who  has  an  immediate  pecuu 
ary  interest  in  the  result.  The  considerations  which  ur< 
this  amendment  to  our  laws  are  too  numerous  to  attem 
their  presentation  at  length,  and  surely  must  have  alreac 
occurred  to  you.  The  Solicitor  should  be  a  salaried  offict 
and  the  fee  which  is  now  taxed  in  the  bill  of  costs  as  h 


governor's  message. 


13 


chief  compensation  should  be  collected  from  the  defend¬ 
ants  and  paid  into  the  State  Treasury  to  re-imburse  the 
State  for  the  salary  paid.  Whether  this  salary  shall  be  at 
an  annual  rate,  as  the  Judges  are  now  paid,  or  dependent 
upon  the  number  of  the  terms  of  court  held,  and  what  the 
amount  shall  be  are  matters  of  detail  which  can  be  readily 
solved  by  the  wisdom  of  the  Legislative  body,  and  about 
which  I  will  make  no  suggestion. 

Courts. 


No  part  of  the  government  is  closer  to  the  people  than 
the  Judicial  department,  and  anything  that  will  tend  to 
increase  its  efficiency  or  to  lessen  the  expenses  of  litiga¬ 
tion  is  entitled  to  careful  consideration.  It  is  believed 
these  ends  may  be  subserved  by  providing  for  the  appoint- 
taent  of  two  or  more  special  Judges  with  authority  to  act 
in  case  of  sickness  or  other  temporary  disability  of  one 
if  the  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court,  and  with  authority  to 
iold  Special  Courts.  It  sometimes  happens  that  a  Judge  is 
mable  to  hold  his  court,  and  the  county  has  the  expense 
>f  a  great  part  of  the  term  to  pay,  and  no  business  is 
ransacted,  and,  in  addition  to  the  expense,  dissatisfaction 
nth,  and  want  of  confidence  in,  the  administration  of  the 
aw  are  engendered  which  produce  other  evils. 

Again,  at  times  crimes  are  committed  which  demand 
tnmediate  investigation,  and,  although  under  the  present 
iw  there  is  authority  to  call  a  special  term  of  the  Superior 
hurt,  frequently  no  Judge  can  be  found  unemployed  to 
old  it.  The  expenses  of  the  additional  Judges  would  be 
lade  nominal  by  providing  that  they  receive  no  salary 
accept  for  the  time  actually  engaged  in  holding  courts, 
•ad  by  allowing  them  in  the  meantime  to  practice  law. 

If  your  body  should  take  this  matter  under  considera- 
on  care  should  be  taken  to  avoid  any  constitutional 
pjection.  The  Constitution  provides  that  Judges  of  the 


14 


OOVERXOR’s  MESSAGE. 

Superior  Court  shall  be  elected  by  the  people;  but  it  als< 
provides  that  the  Legislature  may  establish  courts  inferio 
to  the  Supreme  Court.  These  provisions  may  be  met  U 
appointing  special  Judges  with  the  same  jurisdiction  h 
the  courts  held  by  them  now  exercised  by  the  Judges  o 
the  Superior  Courts,  and  with  no  power  except  when  hold 
ing  courts,  and  by  creating  the  machinery  for  resolving 
regular  term  into  a  Special  Court  if  the  Judge  assigned  b 
the  law  to  the  regular  term  is  unable  to  attend. 

SECURITY  FOR  THE  STATE’S  MONEY. 

Under  the  law,  notwithstanding  the  money  on  hand  i 
the  State  Treasury  at  one  time,  which  sometimes  aggregate' 
six  or  seven  hundred  thousand  dollars  no  provision  { 
made  for  its  security  beyond  the  Treasurer’s  bond  of  twj 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  and  his  discretion  i] 
selecting  places  of  deposit.  The  inadequacy  of  this  pr< 
tection  is  manifest.  Why  should  not  the  State’s  money  1 
as  amply  secured  as  the  counties’  or  individuals’? 

TAXES. 

Personal  property  liable  to  taxation  too  often  escapes  tl  « 
assessor,  and  there  is  urgent  need  to  remedy  this.  It  is 
notorious  fact  that  a  large  amount  of  personal  proper 
pays  no  taxes,  thereby  depriving  the  State  of  a  portion 
its  rightful  revenue  and  increasing  the  burdens  up<n| 
realty.  This  is  manifestly  very  unjust,  and  while  the  h 
may  be  adequate  it  is  rarely  enforced.  It  is  both  unm-  i 
ural  and  unwise  to  spend  the  public  money  for  aught  thpi 
is  not  absolutely  necessary.  The  levying  of  all  taxes  isi 
laborious  and  thankless  task,  but  half  the  sting  of  it  nr 
be  eliminated  if  imposed  with  justice  and  impartialiu 
falling  upon  rich  and  poor  alike,  each  paying  according  > 
his  ability. 


governor’s  message. 


15 


Do  not  defer  the  payment  of  taxes  in  any  instance.  It 
is  a  seeming  injustice,  to  say  the  least  of  it.  When  the 
law  was  enacted  postponing  the  payment  of  taxes  in  the 
tobacco  counties  there  were  only  a  few  in  which  the  crops 
were  grown.  To-day  many  of  the  cotton-growing  counties 
are  large  producers  of  tobacco,  and  find  no  difficulty  in 
meeting  promptly  the  demands  of  the  tax-collector.  Just 
here  I  desire  to  say  the  Treasurer  has  collected  the  State’s 
taxes  save  a  small  amount  from  Madison. 


PUBLIC  PRINTING. 


1  The  last  Legislature  passed  an  -act  to  regulate  and  pro¬ 
vide  for  the  public  printing  (chapter  351),  which  requires 
that  four  weeks  prior  to  January  1,  1895,  and  every  two 
years  thereafter,  sealed  proposals  to  do  the  public  printing 
and  binding  shall  be  made  to  the  Secretary  of  State, 
under  bond  and  certain  specifications;  that  these  should 
:|be  opened  before  a  joint  committee  of  the  General  Assembly 
md  the  contract  awarded  to  the  lowest  bidder.  This  act 
was  passed  after  careful  consideration  and  investigation, 
md  is  a  wise  and  judicious  law.  It  gives  each  printing 
louse  the  same  opportunity,  regardless  of  party  affiliations, 
md  eliminates  any  unpleasant  rivalry  among  them.  It 
jjs  a  purely  business  proposition  between  the  State  and  the 
iarty  awarded  the  contract,  each  being  protected  by  bond 
or  a  full  and  complete  fulfillment  of  the  contract,  and  has 
eceived  the  approval  of  both  parties.  I  commend  the 
provisions  of  this  equitable  law. 

REPORT  OF  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 

(j{  The  Superintendent  recommends  a  rate  of  increase  in 
ixation  for  the  benefit  of  the  public  schools  sufficient  to 
induct  the  schools  the  constitutional  requirement  of  four 
lonths.  He  estimates  that  it  will  require  a  levy  of  22 


1<> 


governor’s  message. 


instead  of  1(5  cents,  the  present  rate.  This  I  most  emphati 
callv  indorse,  and  in  corroboration  of  this  view  I  desire  t< 


repeat  what  I  have  said  on  a  previous  occasion :  “Ou 
most  earnest  solicitude  and  help  should  go  out  to  the  com 
moil  schools  of  our  State,  for  it  is  in  these  that  the  chil 
dren  of  the  great  mass  of  our  toiling,  laboring,  wealth 
producing  people  must  be  educated  and  trained  prepara 
torv  to  their  life-work,  or  not  at  all.  It  is  the  imperativ 
duty  of  the  State  to  provide  school  facilities  for  these  chil 
dren.  and  we  can  never  be  said  to  have  done  our  dut; 
until  we  have  complied  with  the  spirit  of  the  Constitution 
which  commands  that  a  school  term  of  at  least  four  month 
in  the  year  he  provided  for  them.  Thirteen  weeks,  th 
time  now  provided,  will  not  do,  and  we  are  trifling  wit1 
the  most  vital  interest  of  the  State  in  longer  neglecting  t 
come  up  to  the  full  measure  of  our  duty  in  this  matte 
If  upon  deliberate  consideration  it  should  be  found,  in  viev 
of  a  recent  decision  of  our  Supreme  Court,  that  anothe 
provision  of  our  Constitution  stands  in  the  way  of  ouj 
levying  a  sufficient  tax  to  carry  on  the  schools  of  the  pei 
pie  four  months  in  the  year,  I  desire  that  an  ameudmei 
to  the  Constitution  be  submitted  to  the  people  to  take  tl 
school  tax  out  of  the  constitutional  limitation.  The] 
schools  I  regard  as  a  necessity  to  the  children  of  the  mej 
and  women  engaged  in  farm  life.  The  children  of  oil] 
people  in  cities  and  towns  are  well  provided  for,  as  a  gei 
eral  rule,  by  the  graded  schools,  and  they  enjoy  privileg 
in  educational  matters  which  children  living  in  tl 
country  do  not  have.  An  efficient  common  school  syste 
is  the  only  hope  of  our  people  for  an  intelligent,  thrift 
laboring  population  upon  our  farms,  and  I  urge  with  aj 
the  earnestness  I  can  command  that  our  law-makers  slia 
not  neglect  this  imperative  duty  resting  upon  them.” 


governor’s  message. 


17 


EDUCATION. 


The  future  advancement,  happiness  and  prosperity  of 
the  people  of  this  State  depend  probably  more  upon  the 
efficiency  of  our  public  school  system  than  is  generally  con¬ 
ceded.  Education  is  the  great  factor  in  the  advancement 
of  all  people,  but  in  a  free  -country  it  is  of  the  most  vital 
importance.  The  mind  that  moves  in  a  small  circle,  the 
mind  tainted  with  bigotry  and  prejudice,  is  out  of  place  in 
Dur  system  of  public  instruction,  and  should  not  be  toler¬ 
ated.  The  unity  of  sentiment  and  spirit  between  tutor  and 
lupil  with  regard  to  the  acquirement  of  knowledge  and 
he  duties  and  obligations  of  citizenship  should  be  the 
liief  end  in  view.  The  percentage  of  pupils  attending  the 
chools  (see  Superintendent’s  report)  is  not  so  great  as  we 
rould  wish,  but  probably  in  view  of  the  depressed  condi- 
ion  of  affairs,  especially  in  the  agricultural  districts,  is  as 
irge  as  we  could  reasonably  expect. 

The  State  has  taken  another  step  forward  in  the  estab- 
slnneut  of  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Colleges  for 
le  education  of  her  young  men,  and  a  bolder  movement 
ill  in  the  establishment  of  the  Normal  and  Industrial 
Tools  for  her  girls.  Two  more  needed  or  popular  move- 
ents  were  never  begun  in  North  Carolina,  these  last 
'lnpleting  the  link  in  the  educational  chain  between  the 
(  nnnon  schools  and  .the  University.  The  State  cannot 
dord  to  withdraw  any  part  of  its  aid  heretofore  extended 
1  its  institutions,  for  by  retarding  their  progress  you  crip- 
13  the  State  in  its  greatest  development,  and,  instead  of 


it 


fogressing  and  keeping  pace  with  the  advancement  of  the 
fe,  the  best  interest  of  every  citizen  will  be  affected  just 
&  far  as  you  prescribe  his  educational  advantages.  Our  edu- 
c  ional  institutions,  from  the  University  down  to  the  com- 
1  >n  schools,  have  been  doing  a  great  work  in  the  State. 


ucation  is  the  hope  of  the  people,  and  our  public  schools 
9 


18 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


of  all  grades  and  kinds  should  receive  the  cordial  supporl 
of  all  parties  and  classes.  No  change  should  be  made  ii 
any  of  these  except  to  make  them  more  efficient  and  help 
ful.  In  connection  with  our  public  school  system,  abovi 
referred  to,  it  is  my  pleasure,  and  I  conceive  it  my  duty  a 
well,  to  refer  to  the  excellent  work  being  done  toward  tfi- 
education  of  the  children  of  the  State,  both  male  and  female  I 
by  the  denominational  colleges  and  the  academies  and  higl  j 
schools.  The  education  of  the  youth  of  the  State  is  the  di  j 
sideratvm  at  which  all  good  citizens  must  aim,  whether  it  fc  j 
by  State  aid  or  private  or  denominational  enterprise.  Whei 
the  child  is  educated  cannot  be  the  question.  How  she  c  • 
he  be  educated  may  be,  and  is,  material.  "Who  pays  for  | 
has  nothing  to  do  with  the  child — the  education  or  the  plai  j 
where  educated.  The  State  desires  and  must  have  all  ha  , 
children  educated  so  as  to  better  fit  them  for  the  duties  whid  1 

must  devolve  upon  them  as  citizens.  According  to  tl  i 

• 

report  of  the  able  Superintendent  of  Public  Instructor  * 
there  are  389,709  male  whites,  212,191  female  whites,  23" 
486  male  colored,  and  123,899  female  colored  of  school  aj 
in  the  State.  Out  of  this  total  of  male  whites  there  tv  J 
less  than  1,200  in  all  of  our  institutions  for  higher  educ-| 
tion,  the  University,  denominational  and  other.  "Whi; 
this  shows  the  field  to  be  “white  unto  the  harvest”  it  ah 
shows  how  lamentably  few  are  the  laborers  compared  wii 
the  needs  of  the  people.  All  that  can  be  done  by  the  pf 
pie  and  the  State  to  strengthen  and  extend  the  usefuhi'S 
of  our  colleges  must  be  done,  and  I  cannot  but  believe  tit 
your  honorable  bodies  will  guard  with  jealous  care  al 
amply  provide  for  these  institutions  of  the  State,  of  who 
you  are  the  special  custodians,  and  by  whom  only  di 
proper  sustenance  be  provided. 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


19 


STATE  UNIVERSITY. 

In  reference  to  this  State  institution  I  beg  to  repeat  what 
I  said  in  my  inaugural  address:  “Your  venerable  State 
University,  waxing  strong  once  more,  deserves,  and  I  know 
will  command,  your  fostering  care.  Regarding  the  State 
University  as  the  head  of  our  school  system,  and  the  col¬ 
leges  and  high  schools  as  the  great  coadjutors,  there  ever 
should  be  hearty  co-operation  between  those  engaged  in 
the  great  work  of  teaching  in  these  and  those  engaged  as 
teachers  of  our  common  schools.”  We,  as  makers  and  min¬ 
isters  of  the  law,  should  do  all  in  our  power  to  build  up 
and  make  more  useful  our  University.  It  is  given  to  you 
by  the  Constitution  (Article  9,  section  6)  as  a  priceless  hcr- 
tage,  left  to  us  by  our  forefathers,  who,  after  their  declara¬ 
tion  of  individual  freedom,  as  a  State  proclaimed  North 
parolina  the  advocate  of  higher  education  by  declaring, 
n  1776,  in  the  Constitution  adopted  at  Halifax,  that 
‘All  useful  learning  shall  be  duly  encouraged  and  pro- 
noted  in  one  or  more  universities.”  They  discharged 
heir  duty  in  regard  to  higher  education  and  sought  to 
aake  this  institution  the  peer  of  Oxford,  so  that  in  this 
iepublic  and  in  the  Commonwealth  of  North  Carolina 
er  sons  need  not  go  to  foreign  lands  to  complete  their 
Education.  Generous  men  have  contributed  to  the  mainte- 
ance  of  certain  chairs  at  the  University,  and  the  State  is 
died  upon  to  do  her  duty  in  its  support.  Surely,  gentle- 
len,  we  could  not  be  less  mindful  of  our  duty  to  ourselves. 

pr  do  one  thing  which  will  retard  the  progress  and  advance- 

y  1  y 

ent  of.  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  The  Univer- 
ty  will  celebrate  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  its 
>ening  for  students  at  the  annual  commencement  in  June 
;xt.  It  is  hoped  that  the  patriotic  citizens  of  the  State 
11  give  their  hearty  support  to  this  venerable  institution, 
■id  by  their  presence  give  inspiration  to  its  professors' and 


20 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


trustees  to  labor  still  more  for  the  advancement  of  its 
already  high  standard  and  the  increase  of  its  usefulness. 
That  it  has  done  a  great  good  in  the  past  a  catalogue  ol 
its  sons  who  have  tilled  every  high  office  under  the  gen 
eral  and  the  State  governments,  and  illustrated  the  Stati 
in  every  calling  and  business,  conclusively  shows.  It  it 
believed  that  it  has  never  done  better  work,  and  I  feel  conti 
dent  that  nothing  will  be  done,  in  this  centennial  year,  b' 
your  honorable  body  which  may  tend  to  impair  its  useful 
ness. 

Our  beloved  State  is  getting  old  enough  to  provide  fo 
the  highest  education  of  her  sons  in  all  branches  of  humai 
learning,  and  while  all  are  not  able  to  take  direct  advar 
tage  of  the  opportunities  offered  in  her  University  and  lik 
institutions,  those  who  do  partake  of  their  instruction  becom 
teachers  of  others,  whether  engaged  in  the  technical  pri  i 
fession  of  teaching  or  not,  and  thus  are  centers  of  ligh 
and  influence  for  the  whole  State. 

You  do  not  need  any  suggestions  from  me  as  to  how  vo 
can  best  promote  its  welfare.  I  am  not  prepared  to  suj 
gest  any  amendments  of  the  existing  laws  in  reference  to  i  \ 
I  transmit  herewith  reports  of  the  Treasurer  and  Bursar 
the  University. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE  AND 
MECHANIC  ARTS. 

This  institution  has  been  established  but  live  years,  ail  t 
to-day  has  22b  students,  with  applications  which  will  sw<l 
that  number  to  300  during  the  next  session.  The  practid  A 
value  of  an  agricultural  and  mechanical  training  of  tie 
young  men  of  this  progressive  age  is  no  longer  a  subject  I 
argument  with  the  ablest  thinkers  and  practical  economic 
of  this  century;  and  the  report  of  the  President  of  t  b 
splendid  institution  shows  conclusively  the  result  of  <e 


GOVERNO®  S  MESSAGE. 


21 


training  already  given  to  the  twenty-seven  graduates. 
Twenty-one  are  engaged  in  honest  employment,  two  are 
prosecuting  post-graduate  courses,  the  four  others  are  sup¬ 
posed  to  be  likewise  engaged.  A  young  man  can  get  a 
thoroughly  practical  education  in  this  institution  for  less 
money  than  anywhere  else  in  the  State,  nor  does  it  conflict 
with  our  colleges  and  University.  It  is  a  different  educa¬ 
tion  in  practical  results  and  fills  a  long  needed  want  in  our 
educational  system.  I  commend  a  careful  perusal  of  the 
various  reports  of  the  work  done  in  this  institution.  The 
results  accomplished  are  astonishing,  and  in  comparison 
with  other  State  institutions  of  the  kind  are  marvelous. 
This  institution  is  one  the  State  should  be  proud  to  assist 
to  a  still  greater  degree  of  usefulness.  The  State  has 
expended  but  $40,000  on  this  institution,  while  the  State 
>f  Virginia  has  given  $400,000;  Mississippi,  $300,000 — 
|30,000  per  year;  Alabama,  $300,000 — $24,000  per  year: 
Texas,  $30,000  annually;  Louisiana,  $20,000  to  her  Agri- 
■ultural  and  Mechanical  Colleges;  yet  this  College  has 
nore  students  than  any  one  above  mentioned. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  ask  for  a  continuance  of  the  $10.- 
00  appropriation  per  annum,  and  a  special  appropriation 
f  $15,000  per  annum  for  two  years  for  the  purpose  of 
dditional  buildings  as  named  in  report.  Gentlemen  of 
le  General  Assembly,  I  urge  you  to  make  this  appropria- 
on.  Having  been  a  member  of  this  Board,  I  am  fully 
2quainted  with  the  needs  of  this  valuable  institution  and 
i dorse  the  recommendation  of  the  Board  of  Trustees.  The 
gricultural  and  Mechanical  College  is  doing  a  work  for 
te  young  men  of  North  Carolina  which  cannot  be  esti- 
ated  now  or  expressed  in  words ;  the  future  advancement 


the  State  alone  will  shove  this  result.  This  is  an  age 


hen  everything  tending  to  a  mechanical  or  scientific  edu- 
tion  should  be  obtained  by  our  young  men.  The  old 


22 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


order  of  tilings  lias  passed  away,  and  if  we  wish  our  young 
men  to  be  prepared  to  successfully  meet  the  progressive-: 
ness  of  the  age  it  is  by  this  kind  of  an  education.  Too 
much  cannot  be  said  in  praise  of  this  institution  or  its 
management:  its  future  is  with  you,  and  1  hope  that  you 
will  protect  it  and  enable  it  to  advance  to  the  degree  of 
usefulness  for  which  it  was  established. 

AGRICULTURAL  AND  MECHANICAL  COLLEGE  FOR  THE  COLORED- 
RACE,  AT  GREENSBORO,  N.  C. 

This  institution  through  some  inadvertency,  1  dare  say. 
lias  failed  to  make  a  report. 

THE  NORMAL  AND  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL. 

This  is  the  youngest  of  the  State’s  educational  institutions; 
it  having  begun  its  work  a  little  more  than  two  years  ago.  j 
It  has  the  smallest  appropriation.  It  had  last  year  tin 
largest  enrollment;  this,  too.  without  the  usual  methods  o:  i 
advertising  or  drumming  for  students.  It  is  the  only  insti 
tution  for  white  women  where  the  people  of  North  Caro  | 
lina  have  made  provisions  for  bringing  a  thorough  practi  1 
cal  education  within  the  reach  of  young  women  of  sinal  * 
means  by  legislative  appropriations,  or  by  liberal  endow  , 
meiit-  similar  to  those  for  all  other  classes  of  our  popula  ! 
tion. 

The  State  has  spent  very  little,  comparatively  speak indfl 
for  the  plant  and  equipment  of  the  school,  the  funds  fo  i 
erecting  the  main  buildings  and  the  land  on  which  the 
stand  having  been  donated  in  order  to  secure  the  locatio 
of  the  institution  at  Greensboro.  These  buildings,  togetlu 
with  the  additional  buildings  erected  by  the  institution,  d 
not  provide  enough  accommodation  for  those  who  wish  t 
take  advantage  of  the  opportunities  it  offers. 

Having  visited  the  institution  while  the  buildings  wej 


governor’s  message. 


23 


in  process  of  erection,  I  elicited  from  the  contractor  infor¬ 
mation  that  impressed  me  with  the  great  economy  of  the 
expenditure  of  the  appropriation.  The  buildings  are  sub¬ 
stantial  and  attractive,  but  are  without  many  conveniences 
considered  necessary  for  a  modern  institution,  educational 
or  other.  I  refer  especially  to  water-works  and  light. 

I  do  not  think  that  it  is  going  too  far  to  claim  that  the 
unprecedented  popularity  of  the  Normal  and  Industrial 
School  is  due  not  simply  to  the  fact  that  it  has  cheapened 
education  for  women  as  education  had  already  been  cheap¬ 
ened  for  men,  but  also  on  account  of  the  practical  nature 
of  the  education  and  training  offered  by  the  institution. 
The  female  population  of  the  white  race  in  North  Carolina 
is  about  10,000  in  excess  of  the  male.  There  are  so  many 
young  women  to-day  who,  either  from  necessity  or  choice, 
expect  to  earn  their  own  living  and  who  are  ambitious  to 
place  themselves  in  the  list  of  bread-winners  rather  than  in 
the  list  of  mere  consumers,  and  so  greatly  would  it  benefit  the 
?ntire  State  to  encourage  this  idea,  that  I  regard  the  small 
innual  appropriation  for  the  purpose  as  probably  the  best 
nvestment  the  State  ever  made.  Moreover,  the  majority 
)f  those  who  enter  the  institution  expect  to  become  teachers 
>f  the  children  of  the  State.  It  is  well  for  the  State  to 
encourage  young  women  to  enter  this  great  work,  and  at 
he  same  time  to  offer  them  help  in  preparing  for  its 
irduous  duties. 

Certainly,  when  it  is  known  that  a  large  majority  of 
hose  who  enter  the  institution  would  probably  have  been 
mable  to  go  elsewhere,  and  when  it  is  realized  that  for 
aany  years  the  State  and  our  largest  religious  denomina- 
ions  have  been  engaged  in  bettering  the  quality,  and  at 
he  same  time  cheapening  the  prices,  of  education  for  men 
y  State  appropriations,  gifts  and  endowments,  while  the 
ducation  of  women  has  been  left  almost  entirely  to  pri- 


24 


governor’s  message. 


vale  enterprise,  it  will  hardly  be  necessary  for  the  State’s 
Executive  or  for  any  one  else  to  make  further  plea  to  the 
General  Assembly  to  deal  generously  with  the  Normal  and 
Industrial  School. 

BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS. 

Commonwealths  in  which  agriculture  is  the  chief  source 
of  revenue  have,  as  a  rule,  paid  little  regard  to  legislation: 
looking  to  the  protection  of  employees,  and  doubtless  there 
is  some  show  of  reason  in  this  apparent  oversight,  as  tin 
farmer  has  long  been  considered  the  most  independent  o 
laborers.  But  times  have  changed,  and  the  number  o 
independents  is  daily  growing  less.  Railroads,  mills  ana 
factories  are  constantly  increasing,  while  great  numbers  o 
the  heretofore  independent  small  farmers  are  either  work 
ing  as  wage-earners  or  as  tenants.  Thus  daily  is  growing 
the  number  of  employees,  and  further  legislation  looking 
to  their  welfare  and  protection  seems  to  me  both  wise  am 
prudent.  There  is  much  in  the  question  of  labor  legisla 
tion  which  deserves  your  earnest  and  careful  consideration 
Much  of  the  friction  which  has  and  does  now  exis 
in  other  States  between  the  employers  and  employee; 
could  doubtless  be  obviated  by  wise  and  judicious  legisl;  I 
tion.  For  information  touching  this  subject  I  beg  to  reft  I 
you  to  the  valuable  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Labe  4 
Statistics,  himself  a  workingman.  The  importance  e  1 
these  bureaus  in  collecting  statistics  relating  to  all  depar 
ments  of  labor  and  inquiring  into  the  relationship  betwee  l 
employer  and  employee  has  caused  them  to  [be  recosl 
nized  as  indispensable  national  and  State  institutions,  an 
entitles  them  to  a  liberal  outlay  for  their  support  an  j 
maintenance.  Recognizing  the  necessity  for  this  depaij 
ment,  I  commend  and  approve  the  recommendations  t 
the  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics. 


governor’s  message. 


9 


0> 


THE  BOARD  OF  PUBLIC  CHARITIES. 


During  the  first  year  of  Governor  Fowle’s  administra¬ 
tion  the  Board,  which  had  been  allowed  to  lapse  into  a 
state  of  inactivity,  was  revived,  a  new  Board  appointed,, 
and  with  their  organization  began  a  work  of  usefulness- 
which  can  hardly  be  estimated.  Their  biennial  report 
shows  how  thoroughly  they  have  investigated  the  penal 
md  charitable  institutions  of  the  State.  They  have  organ- 
zed  different  county  boards,  and  I  am  satisfied  the  Board 
is  doing  much  good  in  calling  attention  to  the  condition  of 
die  county  jails  and  charitable  institutions  of  the  Conn¬ 
ies.  In  their  examination  of  the  State  institutions  they 
■eport  that  the  institutions  have  made  much  improvement 
md  have  been  well  and  economically  managed.  This 
loard  should  be  encouraged  by  the  Legislature;  their 
rork  is  gratuitous  and  purely  charitable. 

For  a  full  survey  of  all  our  institutions  and  improve- 
lents  of  this  character  I  commend  to  you  their  report, 
diich  is  full  of  valuable  statistical  information  and  will 
e  of  great  assistance  in  obtaining  a  complete  review  of 
le  State’s  public  charities. 


: 


INSANE  ASYLUMS. 


The  institutions  for  the  insane  have  been  well  and  eco- 
omically  managed  during  the  past  two  years,  and  the 
oard  of  Directors  and  the  management  of  these  institu- 
ons  are  to  be  congratulated  by  the  people  of  the  State 
pon  their  stewardship.  The  Board  of  Directors  are  in 
/ery  instance  practical  business  men  who  have  given  their 
osest  attention  to  the  details  of  these  institutions  without 
iy,  except  per  diem  and  expenses,  and  have  managed  the 
fairs  as  they  would  their  own  business.  The  Superintend- 
its  are  men  of  capacity  and  have  been  devoted  to  their 
irk,  giving  to  the  unfortunates  their  best  care  and  atten- 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


20 

tion.  In  a  message  of  tliis  length  the  principal  recom¬ 
mendations  alone  can  be  noticed,  and  for  the  full  detail  of 
the  work  of  each  institution  I  refer  you  to  their  carefully 
prepared  reports. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  INSANE  ASYLUM  AT  RALEIGH. 

This  institution  has  the  care  of  all  the  white  insane  per¬ 
sons  east  of  Richmond,  Durham  and  Person  counties,  and 
is  still  inadequate  for  the  needs  of  the  State  for  this  class! 
of  her  afflicted  citizens.  North  Carolina  is  growing  in 
population  each  year,  and  there  is  no  diminution  of  insan¬ 
ity.  The  last  Legislature  made  appropriation  for  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  a  congregate  dining-room  with  dormitories  for  female  i 
patients,  which  has  been  built,  but  by  an  oversight  no 
appropriation  for  furnishing  this  building  and  maintaining, 
the  increased  number  of  patients  which  it  will  accommo¬ 
date  was  made.  When  this  is  furnished  they  will  be  able 
to  accommodate  seventy-five  additional  patients.  Seven-  i 
teen  insane  persons  have  been  rejected  for  want  of  room. 
Many  of  our  counties  are  supporting  their  insane,  but  in  | 
such  a  way  that  no  hope  of  their  recovery  can  he  enter¬ 
tained.  This  class  requires  more  than  any  other  the  State’? 
care  and  appeals  to  vour  liberal  support.  A  great  StatdB 
should  not  allow  her  insane  to  be  confined  in  jails  and  poor  ^ 
houses,  but  should  place  them  at  once  under  the  care  o  I 
able  physicians  and  give  them  proper  exercise  and  amuse  I 
ment,  in  order  that  many  a  good  citizen  may  be  restom  A 
and  become  useful  to  his  State  and  people. 

This  institution  was  originally  built  to  care  for  240  pa  I 
tients,  yet  there  has  been  a  daily  average  of  307£.  Th 
number  admitted  during  the  last  two  years  was  171 ;  nurabei  j 
discharged  as  cured,  90;  improved,  20;  on  bond,  3.  Th 
per  capita  cost  for  subsistence  is  $170.80.  This  institutioj 
has  been  well  managed.  The  improvements  desired  anj 
necessary^  are  as  follows  : 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


27 


For  maintenance  and  support  of  382  patients  65,245  60 


To  pay  outstanding  debts _  4,590  94 

To  furnish  new  buildings _ 3,345  00 

For  fire  protection  by  connection  with  city  water¬ 
works  _  7,000  00 

For  new  pumps,  repairs  to  gas  plant  and  shed 

for  tools _  800  00 


Total _ $  80,981  54 

Making  in  addition  to  annual  appropriation  $15,735.94.  I 
think  it  would  be  economy  for  the  State  to  connect  the 
Asylum  with  the  city  water-works  as  a  protection  against 
fire,  and  if  necessary  cut  down  the  amount  of  insurance. 
After  investigation  of  the  report  of  the  Chairman  of  the 
Board  I  would  respectfully  call  your  attention  to  his 
remarks  in  regard  to  the  criminal  insane  and  ask  your  care¬ 
ful  consideration  of  his  recommendation.  Many  decided 
improvements  have  been  made,  and  the  institution  is  becomi¬ 
ng  more  fully  equipped  and  more  capable  of  the  great 
work  which  you  have  committed  to  its  care. 

THE  STATE  HOSPITAL  AT  MORGANTOX. 

The  report  of  this  institution  shows  over  fifty  per  cent. 
>f  recoveries  on  admissions  and  less  than  five  per  cent,  of 
eaths  on  the  whole  number  under  treatment.  The  daily 
.verage  of  patients  was  556.  The  last  Legislature  appro¬ 
bated  $12,000  for  the  erection  of  a  congregate  diniug- 
oom  for  males,  which  is  complete  and  will  be  ready  for 
ccupancy  in  January.  This  building  will  accommodate 
ne  hundred  additional  patients.  The  furniture  being 
lade  in  their  own  shops  has  enabled  the  Board  to  lessen 
|onsiderably  the  expense  of  erection.  The  demand  for 
lore  room  for  lunatics  is  pressing.  Nearly  200  have  been 
ejected  for  want  of  room,  and  owing  to  the  crowded  con- 


28 


governor's  message. 


dition  of  the  female  wards  the  Board  undertook  the  erec¬ 
tion  of  a  building  for  women.  To  finish  and  furnish  this 
new  building  an  additional  appropriation  of  #4,000  is 
desired.  On  the  closest  estimate  for  expenses  for  the  ensu¬ 
ing  year  #100,000  is  needed.  With  this  appropriation  the 
institution  will  be  able  to  care  for  140  additional  patients, 
making  a  total  of  690  patients  at  a  per  capita  cost  of 
#142  as  against  #150  for  the  last  biennial  report.  This  I 
is  but  seventy  dollars,  per  capita  increase  for  the  pro-  i 
posed  140  patients,  just  about  what  it  costs  to  keep  a 
lunatic  in  an  ordinary  poor-house,  and  much  less  than  the 
cost  of  keeping  prisoners  in  jails.  Their  improved  tube  | 
well  system  of  water- works,  supplying  over  200,000  gal-  : 
Ions  per  day,  is  a  great  improvement  over  the  old  system, 
and  was  very  much  needed,  giving  the  institution  ample  ,i 
water  supply  in  case  of  tire.  A  better  system  of  lighting 
is  needed,  and  I  would  advise  that  you  take  under  consid¬ 
eration  the  erection  of  an  electric  plant.  An  institution  ot  i 
this  size  and  cost  should  not  be  subjected  to  a  poor  system  j 
of  lighting — the  use  of  gasoline  and  the  dangers  attend¬ 
ing  the  use  of  gas,  under  the  present  system,  which  is  j 
unsatisfactory  and  dangerous.  If  vour  honorable  bodv 
is  not  satisfied  with  the  necessity  of  these  improvements  I 
would  suggest  that  you  appoint  a  committee  to  visit  thi  l 
and  other  institutions  and  see  for  yourselves  the  need  o  J 
these  improvements  and  the  grand  work  which  is  beim 
done  in  these  institutions. 

THE  EASTERN  HOSPITAL. 

This  institution  was  opened  August  1,  1880,  with  "■ 
patients.  Since  that  time  there  have  been  many  additions 
and  it  now  accommodates  307  patients — 129  males,  17 
females.  For  the  past  two  years  the  whole  number  t  rente- 
was  459 — 206  males  and  263  females;  admitted  during  hr 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


29 


year  180,  and  a  large  number  of  females  have  been  rejected. 
The  last  Legislature  appropriated  $13,000  for  the  erection 
of  an  annex  for  males.  This  was  completed  in  June  last 
at  a  cost  of  about  $2,000  less  than  the  appropriation,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  all  the  common  labor  was  furnished  by  the 
inmates  of  the  Asylum.  This  building  will  enable  them 
to  accommodate  the  male  insane  for  some  years  to  come. 
According  to  Dr.  Miller’s  report  there  is  no  diminution  of 
insanity  among  the  colored  population,  and  there  is  urgent 
necessity  for  the  erection  of  a  building  for  females.  Many 
have  been  turned  away  during  the  past  year,  who  are  now 
languishing  in  jails  and  other  places  of  confinement 
throughout  the  State.  I  quote  from  his  report:  “The 
State  has  long  since  undertaken  the  humane  care  of  her 
insane  population,  regardless  of  race,  politics  or  religion, 
and  she  should  discharge  this  responsibility  to  an  extent 
that  should  meet  the  exigencies  of  this  duty.  It  should 
be  our  aim  to  make  this  not  only  a  home  to  the  colored 
insane,  but  in  a  higher  sense  it  should  be  our  endeavor  to 
make  it  a  hospital,  so  that  as  many  as  possible  may  be 
restored  to  normal  mentality  and  cease  to  be  burdens  to 
the  State  and  become  wage-earners  and  self-supporting- 
citizens.” 

There  are  now  twenty  female  patients  in  a  room  over  the 
laundry  for  the  want  of  space.  It  seems  to  me  it  is  abso¬ 
lutely  necessary  that  you  make  the  appropriation  of  $20,000 
isked  for  in  his  report,  so  that  this  unfortunate  class  can 
)e  given  proper  care  and  attention.  The  State  of  Virginia 
aas  about  one-third  more  negro  population  and  accommo- 
lates  800  insane  persons  in  her  negro  asylum  at  Peters¬ 
burg.  The  per  capita  cost  of  maintenance  is  $115.94  per 
'ear.  The  question  is,  Can  the  State  keep  them  for  less 
md  give  them  proper  care  and  attention  ?  If  not,  then  it  is 
'our  duty,  for  the  sake  of  humanity  and  these  poor,  afflicted 


30 


GOVERNORS  MESSAGE. 


persons,  to  see  to  it  that  they  are  given  proper  care  and 
maintenance,  and  I  recommend  that  in  addition  to  the 
amount  required  for  maintenance  you  make  this  appropria¬ 
tion.  The  money  will  be  economically  spent  and  the  State  | 
of  North  Carolina  will  have  discharged  her  duty  towards  I 
this  afflicted  and  dangerous  class  of  her  citizens.  Many  | 
improvements  have  been  made  in  this  institution.  Under  > 
special  act  they  purchased  170  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  I 
asylum  for  $1,900,  and  this  will  enable  them  to  add  still 
more  to  their  own  support.  As  far  as  it  is  possible  they  | 
utilize  everything  to  make  the  institution  self-supporting,  I 
and  their  report  shows  good  business  management. 

INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB  AND  THE  BLIND,  i 

Since  the  last  report  from  this  institution  many  things,  j 
have  transpired  which  may,  and  doubtless  will,  affect  its  j 
future.  Chief  among  these  is  the  removal  of  the  white  mutes  j 
from  this  institution  to  the  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  j 
at  Morganton,  by  which  the  white  department  here  is  con-  I 
verted  into  a  school  for  the  blind  exclusively.  This  has  j 
very  greatly  relieved  the  crowded  condition  of  the  depart-  I 
ment  soon  to  be  filled  again  from  the  ranks  of  the  731 
blind  children  of  the  State,  as  shown  by  the  Census  of  1890. 
The  report  shows  more  room  is  an  imperative  necessity  j 
for  the  accommodation  of  those  already  in  attendance — al 
chapel  with  dormitories  overhead  for  the  white  depart-  | 
ment  and  a  recitation-room  with  dormitories  for  the  ] 
colored.  An  appropriation  for  these  needed  improvements 
1  recommend. 

In  verification  of  the  economical  administration  of  this 
institution  you  will  find  herewith  comparative  figures  oi 
the  per  capita  cost  for  maintenance  of  pupils  at  other  simij  i 
lar  institutions,  viz.: 


governor’s  message.  31 

Perkins  Institute  for  the  Blind _ $360  39 

Pennsylvania  Institute  for  the  Blind _  363  71 

Maryland  School  for  the  Blind _ i_  275  00 

North  Carolina  Institute  for  the  Blind  _ _  160  00 


The  Board  of  Directors  of  this  institution  have  never 
received  any  emolument  whatever  for  fifty  years’  service 
given  the  State  in  the  management  of  this  great  charity. 

The  separation  of  the  mutes  from  the  blind,  by  the 
removal  of  the  former  to  Morganton,  makes  this  a  fitting- 
opportunity  to  place  this  school  upon  a  parity  with  the 
foremost  institutions  of  the  land,  and  I  feel  sure,  after  a  care¬ 
ful  examination  into  the  conduct  of  the  institution  and  its 
necessities,  you  will  be  willing  to  appropriate  a  sum  suffi¬ 
cient  to  make  the  necessary  improvements  and  equip  the 
'same.  Their  report,  which  is  complete  in  every  detail,  is 
herewith  transmitted  for  further  information. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  SCHOOL  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

The  Legislature  of  1891  found  that  there  were  upward  of 
800  deaf  mutes  in  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and  feeling 
that  this  class  required  the  support  of  the  State,  as  well  as 
those  who  have  no  infirmity,  in  order  that  they  might 
become  better  citizens  and  able  to  earn  a  livelihood,  created 
the  School  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  to  be  located  at  Morgan¬ 
ton,  her  citizens  offering  the  most  liberal  inducements.  A 
splendid  institution  has  been  established — large  and  capa¬ 
ble  of  accommodating  250  pupils,  if  appropriation  is  made 
tor  their  support.  In  October  the  school  was  opened  and 
now  has  102  pupils.  The  last  Legislature  appropriated 
$35,000  per  annum,  but  it  was  not  sufficient  to  pay  off  the 
former  indebtedness  and  prosecute  to  a  successful  end  the 
building  operations.  The  Board  recommends  that  the  Leg- 
slature  pay  off  this  indebtedness  and  continue  the  appro- 


32 


governor’s  message. 


priation  of  $35,000  annually.  1  indorse  most  heartily  this 
recommendation  of  the  Board.  They  need  many  things  in 
a  school  just  beginning,  and  it  will  be  necessary  in  order 
to  make  the  school  capable  of  doing  the  work  imposed 
upon  it  by  the  State.  This  class  have  as  much  claim  to  an 
education  at  the  hands  of  the  State  as  other  children,  and 
since  their  defects  prevent  them  from  receiving  it  in  the 
ordinary  public  schools  it  is  only  just  that  they  should  be 
instructed  in  schools  especially  adapted  to  fit  them  for  a 
useful  life.  Uneducated  mutes  are  frequently  vicious.  This 
is  almost  entirely  obviated  in  educational  training.  As  a 
rule  they  come  to  the  school  petted  and  spoiled  children, 
consequently  helpless.  Their  discipline  while  at  school 
should  be  rigid,  so  as  to  impart  thoroughness  in  the  prac¬ 
tice  of  the  few  industries  to  which  they  are  limited.  To 
the  useful  and  practical  training  already  given  them  I 
would  add  printing,  which  was  once  taught  with  great  suc¬ 
cess  at  the  school  in  Raleigh,  and  moulding,  decorating 
and  burning  of  pottery.  Apart  from  suitableness  of  the 
occupation — the  boys  to  mould  and  girls  to  decorate, 
no  industrial  plant  could  be  erected  at  less  cost  and  sup¬ 
plied  with  material  of  a  superior  quality  than  from  our 
own  soil.  The  State  does  not  do  its  duty  to  this  class  ol 
unfortunates  unless  it  couples  with  the  intellectual  train¬ 
ing  such  an  industrial  education  as  will  enable  the  pupil 
to  earn  an  honest  living. 

A  technical  knowledge  of  some  suitable  industry  before 
leaving  the  institution  will  equip  them  for  the  battle  of 
life  and  start  them  in  the  world  on  a  basis  of  equality  with 
the  wage-earner.  This  institution  is  capable  of  doing  the 
work  if  you  equip  it.  Their  greatest  need,  next  to  sup 
port,  is  in  the  industrial  department,  machinery  and  took 
for  carpenter  shop,  outfit  for  printing-office,  for  the  shoe 
making  trade,  for  mattress  and  broom-making,  etc.  Thi- 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


33 


equipment  will  cost  about  $3,500,  and  should  be  in  addition 
to  the  appropriation  asked  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 

I  do  not  think  that  you  can  make  any  mistake  in  the 
money  spent  on  this  class;  it  is  well  invested  and  will  yield 
an  abundant  harvest.  For  further  information  I  commend 
to  you  the  report  of  the  Superintendent. 


THE  OXFORD  ORPHAN  ASYLUM. 


This  institution  for  the  care  of  the  orphan  children  of 
the  State  is  one  which  demands  your  special  attention.  If 
t  is  the  duty  of  the  State  to  provide  educational  advan¬ 
tages  for  her  boys  and  girls  it  is  certainly  imperative  upon 
ler  to  provide  for  those  left  destitute,  with  no  one  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  their  support,  training  and  early  education.  No 
me  can  estimate  its  effects  upon  the  future  society  and 
itizensliip  of  the  State.  If  these  boys  and  girls  are  left 
o  shift  for  themselves,  with  no  care  or  instruction,  the 
uality  of  manhood  and  womanhood  will  yearly  degen- 
rate  in  North  Carolina.  No  one  can  estimate  the  good 
fleets  of  early  moral  training,  consequently  the  Oxford 
•rphan  Asylum  should  be  near  and  dear  to  the  hearts  of 
11  patriotic  citizens.  Many  improvements  have  been  made 
i  the  past  two  years  which  are  enumerated  in  the  Super- 
itendent’s  report.  The  receipts  for  the  past  two  years  are 
>  follows : 

rom  farm  _ $  35  45 

ram  shoe-shop _  163  75 

'orn  printing-office _  2,016  24 

-;’om  lodges,  churches,  etc _  6,416  13 


■om  State  _ 
'  'and  Lodge 


10,000  00 

2,100  00 


Total 


3 


governor’s  message. 


34 

The  management  of  this  institution  is  under  the  care  of 
the  great  and  grand  order  of  Masons,  and  has  been  care¬ 
fully  managed.  The  children  are  taught  to  work  on  the 
farm,  in  the  printing-office,  and  given  daily  instruction. 
They  have  under  cultivation  one  hundred  acres  of  land, 
which  supplies  much  of  their  food.  The  present  Superin¬ 
tendent  docs  not  ask  for  an  increase  of  appropriation,  hut 
commends  the  institution  to  your  care.  A  much  larger  ap¬ 
propriation  could  be  expended  aud  with  the  best  results,  j 
There  has  been  an  average  attendance  of  205  children  j 
during  the  past  year.  Some  have  obtained  situations  ii 
private  families,  others  have  gone  to  work.  I  he  average  . 
cost  of  maintenance  is  about  §105  per  year,  the  healtl 
of  the  children  is  excellent. 

THE  COLORED  ORPHAN  ASYLUM  AT  OXFORD. 

This  institution  was  established  in  1886,  the  work  beini 
apparently  a  failure.  The  present  Superintendent,  Re\  J 
Robert  Shephard,  took  charge  of  the  institution  in  Febrij  j 
ary,  1890,  and  under  his  care  the  institution  has  grown  til 
its  present  capacity.  Receipts  during  the  past  year  iron 
State,  churches,  societies  and  individuals,  $2,367.  Of  th 
amount  the  State  contributes  §1,500.  1  he  total  nunibcj  a 

in  attendance  in  1893  was  60;  in  1894,  66 — a  per  capi>  j 
support  of  §36.  With  the  present  building  the  Superb  ! 
tendent  states  that  he  could  support  100  children,  it  tl  i 
State  could  appropriate  §3,000,  with  the  outside  aid  receive)  J 
There  arc  many  improvements  needed,  and  1  recommetj 
that  this  appropriation  be  made. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATIoj  | 

The  North  Carolina  Agricultural  Experiment  Static.  ; 
which  includes  the  Fertilizer  Control  Station  and  the  Stfpl 
Weather  Service,  is  just  closing  a  successful  and  satis!;- 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


35 


t'orv  year.  It  lias  lived  for  eighteen  years,  and  each  year 
that  passes  marks  a  substantial  advance  over  the  previous 
one.  At  this  time  the  work  accomplished  for  the  benefit 
of  the  farmers  of  the  State  and  agriculture  and  horticul¬ 
ture  generally  is  very  far-reaching,  and  our  people  gen¬ 
erally  recognize  the  fact  and  are  more  than  ever  taking 
i advantage  of  the  help  that  it  affords.  The  work  of  the 
Fertilizer  Control  is  sustained  by  the  tonnage  charge  upon 
fertilizers.  All  the  remaining  work  of  the  Station  in  all 
its  branches  is  supported  by  the  general  government,  and 
the  State  derives  all  the  advantages  from  them  without  the 
direct  appropriation  of  a  single  cent  from  its  Treasury. 

During  the  last  two  years  the  Station  has  published  and 
widely  distributed  152  separate  distinct  publications.  The 
edition  of  the  regular  issue  is  17,000  copies,  and  the  others 
vary  according  to  the  demand.  Some  of  the  subjects  treated 
n  the  bulletins  during  the  past  two  years  are :  Some  exper- 
ments  in  wheat  culture,  the  culture  of  orchard  and  garden 
Vuits,  feeding  experiments,  horticultural  tests  and  results, 
uiscellaneous  agricultural  topics,  digestion  experiments, 
ome  leguminous  crops  and  their  economic  value,  thread 
/orm  of  pork,  our  common  insects,  dairy  industry  in  the 
date,  why  pull  fodder  corn,  the  chestnut  and  its  evil, 
Rational  stock-feeding,  propagation  of  flowering  bulbs  for 
lommercial  purposes,  feeding  trials  with  animals,  marls 
nd  phosphates  of  North  Carolina. 

Among  other  work  of  a  distinctive  character  during  the 
last  two  years  the  Station  has  elaborated  a  system  of  seed 
andarcl  and  of  a  voluntary  seed  control  to  benefit  both  sell- 
l‘s  and  buyers,  has  investigated  the  possibility  of  estab- 

! idling  the  flowering  bulb  industry  and  thus  bring  to  North 
irolina  the  immense  trade  annually  going  abroad,  has 
ade  special  exhibits  at  two  State  Fairs  and  sent  large 
ntributions  to  the  World’s  Fair  at  Chicago,  has  published 


3G 


governor’s  message. 


and  widely  distributed  many  appropriate,  timely  and  use¬ 
ful  educational  bulletins  designed  to  disseminate  better 
agricultural  methods  throughout  the  State,  has  taken  steps 
to  give  special  agricultural  and  horticultural  information 
to  t he  Waldensian  colonists  in  Burke  county,  has  investi¬ 
gated  very  completely  the  subject  of  our  ordinary  and 
home-grown  cattle  foods  and  placed  true  values  upon  them 
by  means  of  carefully  planned  digestion  experiments  with 
cattle,  has  through  the  Fertilizer  Control  analyses  preserved 
the  grade  and  purity  of  thousands  of  tons  of  commercial 
fertilizers  sold  in  North  Carolina,  has  encouraged  the  dairy 
industry  and  the  growth  of  improved  breeds  of  stock,  has 
disseminated  knowledge  in  regard  to  important  field  crops 
such  as  crimson  clover,  soja-beans  and  cow-peas,  by  dis 
tributing  packages  for  trial  and  in  other  ways,  and  has  saved 
thousands  of  dollars  by  prompt  distribution  of  weathei 
forecasts,  especially  with  the  early  trucking  crops. 

These  and  other  results  have  been  accomplished.  Mucl 
of  this  work  is  being  continued,  and,  together  with  othei 
subjects  soon  to  be  investigated,  will  prove  of  increasing 
interest  and  value  as  time  goes  bv. 

The  Experiment  Station  is  in  a  thoroughly  healthy  con 
dition,  and  its  work  and  results  are  evidences  of  that  fact 

AGRICULTURE. 

From  an  agricultural  stand-point  these  are  no  ordinal' 
times.  Our  State,  and,  indeed,  the  country  at  large,  is  evej 
now  passing  through  a  crisis  as  great  if  not  the  g rentes  i 
in  its  history,  brought  about  in  a  great  measure  by  the  lo1 
prices  prevailing  for  farm  products.  Values  for  years  hav 
been  constantly  declining  until  now  they  have  touched 
point  at  which,  in  too  many  instances,  losses  instead  d 
profits  are  to  be  counted.  If  this  is  to  be  continued  tl 
economic  life  of  our  people  must  undergo  a  great  cluing 


governor’s  message. 


37 


The  general  condition  of  agriculture,  the  world  over,  is 
very  much  worse  than  it  was  ten  years  ago.  It  is  not  that 
progress  in  any  one  country  has  not  been  met  by  similar 
progress  in  others,  or  that  one  has  gained  at  the  expense 
of  another;  but  withering  blight  lias  come  to  us  all  alike. 
The  wheat  farmers  of  the  Argentine  Republic  and  the 
Western  American  States,  the  cattle  breeders  of  Australia 
and  the  United  States,  the  cotton  planters  of  the  South 
and  of  India,  Egypt  and  Asiatic  Russia  find  their  voca¬ 
tion  unprofitable.  There  was  a  time  when  all  this  was 
different.  From  1850  to  1860  the  value  of  our  farms 
doubled.  Our  national  wealth  doubled.  There  were  no  ten¬ 
ant  farmers.  The  increase  in  wealth  was  the  farmers’  own. 
What  has  brought  about  so  great  a  change?  Legislation 
in  North  Carolina  has  ever  been  friendly  to  the  State’s 
chief  industry,  agriculture,  and  the  ills  we  suffer  to-day 
have  their  origin  in  unjust  national  and  not  State  legisla¬ 
tion.  A  simple  indication  to  our  law-makers  that  the 
interest  of  the  farmer  would  be  fostered  by  a  certain  law 
has  been  all-sufficient  for  its  enactment.  ITow  best  to 
jerve  this  majority  class  of  our  population  has  been  the 
earnest  wish  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  since  its  estab- 
ishment.  I  have  read  carefully  the  report  of  the  Board 
nade  to  your  honorable  body,  and  I  commend  most 
leartily  its  unvarying  efforts  to  impress  the  people  with 
he  necessity  of  diversification  in  crops.  It  is  the  only 
bsolute  safety  for  the  farmer  in  times  of  great  depression. 

ATLANTA  EXPOSITION. 

The  various  exhibits  which  North  Carolina  has  made  of 
er  immense  natural  resources,  variety  of  soils  and  delight- 
ilness  of  climate  have  attracted  much  attention,  and  the 
ffects  are  being  daily  felt  throughout  the  State  by  the 
umerous  inquiries  and  the  settlers  who  are  coming  to  us 


38 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


and  the  money  which  is  being  invested  within  the  State. 
The  exhibit  at  the  World’s  Fair  was  creditable.  While  the 
appropriation  was  small,  still  we  showed  the  world  that  we 
were  among  the  most  progressive  States  of  the  South.  A 
great  part  of  this  exhibit  is  now  in  the  Museum  in  this 
city  and  daily  offers  to  our  people  information  about  their 
State  which  they  can  get  from  no  other  source.  A  great 
International  Exposition  is  to  be  held  in  the  city  of  Atlanta 
in  the  fall  of  1895.  North  Carolina  has  been  invited  and 
urged  to  make  an  exhibit.  Atlanta  is  the  most  progress¬ 
ive  city  in  the  South  and  alive  to  every  new  enterprise  < 
which  may  add  to  its  own  greatness,  and  this  exposition 
will  be  a  success  if  push  and  energy  will  bring  it.  Would 
it  benefit  North  Carolina  to  exhibit  her  resources  at  this  j 
exposition?  Much  could  be  said  on  this  subject,  but  I 
believe  that  there  is  no  better  way  on  earth  to  lay  before 
the  world  the  advantages  of  your  section  of  country  than 
at  this  exposition.  No  one  can  estimate  the  good  results 
accomplished,  and  I  heartily  indorse  the  recommendations 
of  the  Board  of  Agriculture. 

North  Carolina  should  be  represented,  and  if  the  appro 
priatiou  is  made  she  will  make  an  exhibit  of  which  lie;  .1 
citizens  will  be  proud,  and  will  attract  the  attention  and  j 
investigation  of  those  who  will  attend  this  exposition. 

CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANXI  < 
VERS  ARY  OF  THE  CITY  OF  BALTIMORE. 

My  attention  has  been  called  to  the  Baltimore  Centennia  > 
Exposition,  which  is  to  lie  held  in  the  city  of  Baltimor)  j 
from  May  15  to  November  15.  1897,  to  commemorate  th|  \ 
one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  incorporation  of  the  cit 
of  Baltimore.  This  exposition  is  designed  to  embrace  th 
products  of  agriculture,  mines,  electricity,  fish  and  fisheriel  . 
timber  manufactures,  the  liberal  and  fine  arts  and  science 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


39 


of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  the  Central  and  South 
American  Republics  and  various  nations  of  the  world. 
Baltimore  is  at  the  gate-way  of  the  immense  industrial 
North,  progressive,  and  has  many  advantages  for  such  an 
enterprise.  If  carried  out  on  the  scale  proposed  it  will 
command  the  attention  of  America  and  foreign  nations, 
and  I  think  that  North  Carolina  should  make  an  exhibit 
of  her  wealth  in  this  Southern  city.  Many  representative 
North  Carolinians  do  business  in  this  city  who  would 
interest  themselves  in  this  matter,  and  I  commend  it  to 
you  and  ask  that  this  subject  of  making  an  exhibition  at 
these  two  representative  Southern  cities  be  referred  to  a 
committee  on  this  subject  for  investigation  and  recommen¬ 
dation  of  amount  of  appropriation  which  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  to  enable  North  Carolina  to  make  an  exhibit  worthy 
of  her  resources  and  advancement  in  agricultural  and 
manufactured  products. 

STATE  FAIR. 

North  Carolina  makes  an  appropriation  of  $1,500  to  the 
North  Carolina  Agricultural  Society,  to  be  paid  for  premi¬ 
ums  on  agricultural  and  mechanical  products  exhibited 
it  the  State  Fair.  I  am  proud  to  state  that  the  last  State 
Fair  was  the  greatest  success  as  a  fair  which  I  have  ever 
attended  in  the  State.  The  Society  is  to  be  congratulated 
m  the  splendid  exhibit  and  the  large  attendance. 

To  make  this  fair  successful  the  State  should  give  a  larger 
ippropriation.  A  great  many  settlers  from  the  West  are 
noving  into  the  State.  They  come  with  new  ideas  in 
egard  to  farming  and  the  manner  of  cultivation,  and  I 
relieve  the  State  could  not  make  a  better  expenditure  of 
ifloney  than  to  encourage  the  North  Carolina  Agricultural 
'Ociety  in  its  efforts  to  give  the  farmers  and  manufacturers 
}jf  the  State  an  opportunity  to  show  the  improved  methods 


40 


governor’s  message. 


of  husbandry,  farming,  mining  and  manufacturing.  Tc 
meet  once  a  year  and  exchange  ideas,  see  the  improve-] 
ments  in  all  branches  of  industries  and  farming  through¬ 
out  the  State,  is  of  incalculable  benefit  to  our  people. 

For  your  information  I  append  a  partial  list  of  appro 
priations  made  to  State  Fairs: 

New  Jersey,  annually _ $  3,000 

City  of  Richmond,  annually _ =. _  5,00( 


Ohio,  annually  _  8,00( 

Rhode  Island,  annually _  3,20Q 

Iowa,  annually _ 8,00( 

Iowa,  to  county  fairs,  annually _  25,00( 

Maine,  annually _  2,00< 

Connecticut,  annually _  2,50( 

Minnesota,  annually _  4,00t 

New  York,  annually _  20,00< 

Oregon,  annually _  o,00< 

Illinois,  annually _  13,00« 


The  appropriations  demonstrate  that  these  States  mus 
receive  great  benefit  from  such  investments. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

Comparatively  few  people  are  aware  to  what  exteij  I 
horticulture  is  carried  on  in  North  Carolina.  According  tjl 
the  Census  of  1890  the  number  of  acres,  exclusive  of  ma  a 
ket  gardens,  devoted  to  the  trucking  interest  in  Nort  1 
Carolina  was  22,000;  the  aggregate  value  of  fertilize** 
used,  $372,000;  amount  paid  labor,  $308,000;  the  a  veil 
age  net  receipts,  $1.7(50,000.  If  we  add  to  this  the  produ<  ; 
of  the  market  gardens,  the  vineyards,  orchards,  hulb  tarn 
and  nurseries  it  will  probably  double  the  above  amounfl 
This  shows  how  important  horticulture  has  become  i| 
North  Carolina.  Regarding  Horticulture  as  the  hauj| 


governor’s  message. 


41 


maiden  of  Agriculture,  I  ask  you  to  make  a  liberal  appro¬ 
priation  to  this  Society,  one  commensurate  with  its  impor¬ 
tance. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  INDUSTRIAL  ASSOCIATON. 

The  colored  people  of  this  State  should  have  an  oppor¬ 
tunity  annually  of  exhibiting  their  progress  in  industrial, 
mechanical  and  agricultural  products.  To  this  end  there 
,has  been  appropriated  annually  by  the  State  $5.00  to 
assist  them  in  their  enterprise.  They  have  been  compelled 
of  late  years  to  use  the  State  Fair  Grounds,  which  causes 
the  fair  to  be  held  in  the  latter  part,  of  November.  This 
s  too  late  in  the  year  to  enable  them  to  have  a  proper 
ittendance.  Their  exhibits  have  been  good,  and  in  order 
.hat  the  North  Carolina  Industrial  Association  may  become 
nore  useful  in  practical  benefits  to  this  people  I  recom- 
nend  that  you  appropriate  not  less  than  $1,000  to  this 
Association. 


PENITENTIARY. 


The  crime  of  the  State  is  the  burden  of  the  State.  This 
:eing  true,  you  will  doubtless  read  with  great  interest  the 
eport  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  State’s  Prison.  The 
bject  of  legal  punishment  is  the  protection  of  the  citizens 
nd  the  reformation  of  its  criminals  and  the  deterring 
Sleets  of  such  punishment  upon  the  evil-disposed.  I  am 
mvinced  that  reasonable,  speedy  and  sure  punishment 
r  violations  of  the  law  is  not  only  the  best  but  surest 
.eans  of  securing  these  desired  ends.  Very  stringent  laws 
o  frequently  result  in  the  liberation  of  the  guilty  b}r  the 
ry;  justice  too  long  delayed  is  provocative  of  mob  law; 
id  Executive  clemency  too  frequently  exercised  has  a 
ndency  to  minimize  punishment  in  the  e}ms  of  the  crimi- 
d.  Experience  has  taught  us  that  in  the  management 
the  criminal  classes  far  better  and  more  satisfactory 


42 


governor’s  m  ess  age. 


results  have  been  obtained  by  moral  suasion  and  the  exer¬ 
cise  of  a  mild  but  firm  discipline  rather  than  by  inhuman 
methods.  Jn  our  State  Prison  the  benignant  effects  of  a 
mild  policy  are  discovered  in  the  general  strict  obedience: 
to  discipline  on  the  part  of  the  inmates  and  the  compara¬ 
tive  contentment  and  resignation  they  carry  into  the  per¬ 
formance  of  their  duties. 

The  very  vicious  criminal  as  a  rule  is  not  a  well-informed  I 
person,  and  does  not  have  the  opportunity  of  learning  of 
the  deterring  effects  of  punishment.  1  would  suggest  the 
immediate  incarceration  of  all  such  criminals  as  are  in 
danger  of  mob  violence  at  once  in  the  Penitentiary,  there 
to  remain,  at  the  expense  of  the  county  in  which  the  deed! 
was  committed,  until  trial,  and  that  in  the  future  all  capi¬ 
tal  punishment  be  inflicted  in  the  Penitentiary,  that  it  may 
more  effectually  impress  the  criminal  class. 

I  would  suggest  that,  the  State  having  assumed  charge] 
of  the  dependent  insane,  the  indigent  blind  and  deaf,  a 
large  part  of  the  cost  of  maintenance  might  be  saved  by] 
utilizing  some  of  its  prison  labor  in  the  manufacture  ol  j 
clothing,  shoes,  etc.,  for  the  inmates  of  the  various  institu- 1 
tions.  This  would  give  employment  to  a  certain  class  o  l 
prison  population  that  arc  not  now  permitted  to  leave  the  i 
walls. 

The  operations  of  the  State  Penitentiary  have  been  con  j 
fined  almost  exclusively  to  farming.  About  eighty  pet  I 
cent,  of  the  convicts  have  been  employed  throughout  tin  1 
year  on  the  farms.  Small  forces  have  been  engaged  in  out  I 
side  work  whenever  it  could  be  obtained  at  a  profit.  Tin  . 
remaining  convicts,  such  as  life  prisoners  and  some  longB 
term  convicts  and  the  feeble  men  and  women,  havebeeil 
confined  in  the  central  Penitentiary,  and  employed  in  brick  j 
making,  shop  work,  shoe-making,  clothes-making,  etc.,  etc,  , 

The  farm  work  has  been  prosecuted  with  vigor  and  eifect 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


43 


and  so  far  as  the  quantity  of  the  crop  produced  is  evidence 


the  dikes  had  to  be  partially  rebuilt,  which  consumed  con¬ 
siderable  time  and  means.  New  lands  of  about  1,600  acres 
were  cleared  and  planted,  leaving  some  1,000  acres  of  for¬ 


est  land  on  different  farms  vet  to  be  reduced  to  cultivation. 


Areas  Cultivated. 


Halifax  farm  on  the  Roanoke 


1,350  acres. 
...  2,150  “ 


Northampton  farm  on  the  Roanoke 


Caledonia  farm  on  the  Roanoke _ 

Castle  Ilayne,  New  Hanover  comity 


4,500  “ 

600  “ 


Total 


8,600  acres. 


.  Upon  this  area  140  persons  are  employed  to  keep,  man¬ 
age  and  care  for  an  average  number  of  1,000  convicts.  On 
the  farm  and  works  226  mules  and  37  horses  have  been 


The  Principal  Crops  Produced  in  1894.. 


Cotton  843,500  pounds,  52  per  cent,  more  than  in  1 893. 
Corn  93,900  bushels,  54  per  cent,  more  than  in  1893. 
Wheat  11,301  bushels,  258  per  cent,  more  than  in  1893. 
Oats  4,650  bushels  more  than  in  1893. 

Forage  2,286,750  pounds,  50  per  cent,  more  than  in  1893. 
Peas  4,000  bushels,  9  per  cent,  less  than  in  1893. 
Peanuts  7,200  bushels,  42  per  cent,  less  than  in  1893. 

1  Sorghum  7,620  gallons,  53  per  cent,  more  than  in  1893. 
Meat  85,000  pounds,  75  per  cent,  more  than  in  1893. 


Sanitary  Cond i t  ions. 


j!  There  has  been  much  improvement  in  the  sanitary  con- 
ition  and  the  health  of  the  population.  The  physicians 
tate  that  most  of  the  sickness  is  from  malaria.  While 


44 


governor's  message. 


this  cause  may  not  be  entirely  removed  great  improve¬ 
ment  has  been  made  in  the  system  of  drainage  and  efforts 
have  been  made  to  improve  the  drinking  watei  tluoughl 
deep  water  wells.  It  could  he  done  by  cisterns,  dhej 
State  Geologist  thinks  that  good  water  could  be  obtained 
bv  a  system  of  deep  wells  ol  about  350  teet.  Ihe  experi¬ 
ment  lias  been  made  but  not  yet  successfully. 

Needs  of  the  Penitentiary. 

The  crops  have  been  large.  The  quantity  produced  has 
been  increased  to  the  utmost  limit.  Prices  have  been  scl 
low  and  Joss  on  them  has  been  so  great  that  eonsideiabh 
less  has  been  realized  than  was  expected  or  could  have 
been  under  different  conditions.  They  have  earned  $25,001 
outside  of  the  farms.  They  have  used  the  $25,000  appro¬ 
priated  by  the  last  Legislature,  and  825,000  only,  in  th< 
last  two  years;  or  $12,500  each  year  is  all  that  th* 
Penitentiary  lias  cost  the  tax-payers  ot  the  State.  1  hi 
appropriation  w!as  expended  on  account  ol  losses  in  till 
floods  of  1893  and  to  purchase  ninety-six  mules  and  othe 
requisites  for  equipment  for  increased  farming.  W  ith  thj 
exception  of  this  $25,000  the  Penitentiary  has  been  sell 
sustaining,  without  another  dollar  of  tax  money,  notwith 
standing  the  low  price  at  which  products  have  ruled ;  auc 
at  the  end  of  the  year  owes  $14,188,  now  due.  This  i 
not  a  deficit,  for  the  assets  in  surplus  materials  convertibl 
into  money  at  a  reasonable  valuation,  with  bills  collect] 
ble,  amount  to  $44,000.  If  this  could  be  sold  at  reasoi 
able  sums  and  bills  due  collected  at  once  the  Penitentiar 
would  start  the  year  with  a  handsome  balance  in  its  iavo 
If  this  surplus  was  cash  in  hand  it  would  amount  to  aboij 
three  months’  support.  The  Penitentiary  should  ear 
in  outside  work  two  months  support  from  January  i 
October,  when  another  crop  would  mature,  and  wouU 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


45 


leave  four  months  to  be  supported  by  the  State.  This  will 
require  an  appropriation  of  $50,000  to  carry  on  the  work 
until  October,  1895.  Then  there  should  be  a  contingent 
appropriation  to  prepare  for  any  disaster  or  trouble,  and 
this  amount,  if  used,  could  be  returned  to  the  Treasury 
from  its  profits.  This  appropriation  would  run  the  Peni¬ 
tentiary  until  October,  1895,  when  the  second  crop  would 
be  made,  which  would  be  a  surplus.  Could  we  not  then 
say  the  Penitentiary  is  self-sustaining?  All  investments 
are  doubtful,  but  I  earnestly  believe  if  you  will  give  this 
assistance  your  next  meeting  will  find  the  Penitentiary 
amply  able  to  take  care  of  itself.^  All  business  is  hazard¬ 
ous,  but  this,  unless  floods  or  fires  destroy,  will  be  self- 
sustaining  at  that  time. 

'  To  Purchase  Farms. 

The  affairs  of  this  institution  have  been,  in  my  judg¬ 
ment,  most  admirably  managed;  the  outlays  judicious. 
The  Superintendent  has  had  a  laborious  task,  but  has 
proven  himself  a  man  fully  equal  to  the  management  of 
his  great  work  and  capable  of  conducting  this  experiment 
;o  a  successful  ending.  I  believe  that  this  is  the  best  use 
hat  can  be  made  of  the  convicts,  and  trust,  gentlemen, 
hat  you  will  grant  the  appropriation  needed.  The  institu- 
ion  is  open  to  your  investigation  and  inspection.  The 
hate  is  now  paying  a  rental  of  seven  per  cent,  for  the 
arms.  If  it  is  to  be  the  policy  of  the  State  to  continue 
his  work  it  is  but  a  sound  business  proposition  to  purchase 
he  farms  with  an  issue  of  four  per  cent,  bonds,  thereby 
aving  to  the  State  three  per  cent.,  which  fund,  placed  as 

sinking  fund,  will  pay  the  entire  purchase-money  at  the 
xpiration  of  forty  years. 


governor's  message. 


46 

Reformatory  for  Juvenile  Convicts. 

I  would  respectfully  call  your  attention  to  that  part  of 
his  report  in  reference  to  a  Reformatory  for  juvenile  con¬ 
victs.  There  are  convicts  in  the  Penitentiary  who  were 
received  at  the  age  of  nine  years — fifty-five  under  the  aye  of 
sixteen,  and  these  should  not  be  allowed  to  associate  with 
hardened  criminals,  but  upon  conviction  sent  direct  to  the 
Reformatory. 

It  is  due  society  that  the  State  should  attempt  to  reform 
this  class  rather  than  by  association  to  allow  them  to  become  j 
confirmed  criminals.  Experience  teaches  that  it  is  very 
seldom  that  criminals  of  the  worst  class  ever  become  bene¬ 
fited  by  their  term  of  imprisonment  or  caused  to  lead  a  ] 
better  life.  The  youthful  prisoner  confined  for  petty  lar-  | 
cenv  and  such  crimes  could  be  reformed  with  proper  care' 
and  treatment,  but  to  remain  for  two  or  three  years  in  daily 
contact  with  the  older  criminals  has  a  bad  influence  ovei 
them  the  rest  of  their  lives,  and  instead  of  becoming  reformed  -j 
citizens  they  often  develop  into  worse  criminals  than  then  j 
associates.  I  approve  this  recommendation  for  a  Reforms 
torv,  and  submit  the  matter  to  your  consideration. 

STATE  GUARD. 

In  all  monarchical  forms  of  government  a  standing  armv  I 
has  been  considered  necessary  for  defense  from  foreign  euej 
mies  and  protection  for  the  form  of  government,  and  to-da\ 
European  countries  are  overburdened  with  taxation  for  tin 
expenses  of  standing  armies.  The  policy  of  this  govern  j 
rnent  has  been  to  protect  its  citizens  in  the  free  enjoymen 
of  life  and  liberty  by  salutary  laws,  and  each  citizen  ha 
been  taught  in  the  past  to  respect  them.  In  our  early  hi.' 
torv  the  old  militia  law  served  its  purpose,  and  the  assenj  I 
bling  periodically,  under  the  Constitution,  of  all  able-bodied 


governor’s  message. 


47 


citizens  at  the  county-seat  or  place  of  muster  was  consid¬ 
ered  all  that  was  necessary  for  the  protection  of  our  citizens. 

In  the  advancement  of  the  age  the  old  militia  law  has 
been  succeeded  by  the  National  Guard  system,  which  has 
proven  to  be  much  more  efficient  and  by  far  the  most  eco¬ 
nomical  way  of  giving  to  the  State  such  protection  as  is 
necessary  in  these  turbulent  times,  when  our  country  is 
overrun  with  foreign  population  of  the  lowest  order,  who 
have  no  respect  for  our  laws  or  institutions.  The  last  Legis¬ 
lature  recodified  the  military  laws,  and  under  the  efficient 
management  of  the  present  Adjutant  General  the  State 
Guard  and  Naval  Reserves  are  now  fully  equipped  and 
prepared  to  do  active  service  at  any  time. 

There  are  now  twenty-eight  military  companies  of  white 
infantry,  divided  into  four  regiments  of  seven  companies 
each — one  troop  of  cavalry  (white)  and  one  company  of 
infantry  (colored),  both  unattached,  and  one  battalion  of 
Naval  Reserves  (three  divisions),  numbering  in  all  thirty- 
three  companies,  aggregating  1,660  men.  The  land  forces 
have  been  reduced  to  thirty  companies,  the  number  con- 
jtemplated  by  law.  These  companies  are  located  on  lines 
jof  railroads  and  telegraphic  communication  throughout 
the  State,  and  can  be  concentrated  in  a  few  hours’  notice  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  do  any  service  required  of  them. 

The  Guard  is  composed  of  our  very  best  young  men  from 
every  rank  of  life,  who  are  capable  and  willing  to  do  ser¬ 
vice  at  any  time.  There  has  been  at  times  a  sentiment 
throughout  the  State  to  depreciate  the  National  Guard.  I 
lave  no  patience  with  such  a  sentiment,  and  the  patriotic 
■itizens  of  North  Carolina  should  rather  honor  and  respect 
he  young  men  of  the  State  who  give  gratuitously  their 
ime  and  service  for  this  purpose.  In  times  of  trouble  or 
ixcitement  the  first  thought  in  these  days  is  the  Guard, 
in  cl  not  the  old-fashioned  Sheriff’s  posse,  which,  if  depended 


48 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


upon,  would  be  unable  to  meet  the  emergency.  1  have 
witnessed  this  since  my  induction  into  office,  and  assure  you, 
gentlemen  of  the  General  Assembly,  were  you  in  im¬ 
position  you  would  most  highly  esteem  the  National  Guard, 
and  agree  with  me  that  it  is  the  right  arm  of  the  Execu¬ 
tive  in  times  of  commotion  or  disturbance. 

In  April  of  1893  I  was  called  on  by  the  civil  authorities 
of  Craven  county  to  execute  a  writ  of  ejectment  of  certain 
citizens  of  James  City  from  the  lands  owned  by  James 
Bryan.  Esq.  The  civil  authorities  were  totally  incapable 
of  dispossessing  them.  The  Sheriff  asked  for  4d0  or  500 
men.  I  put  the  First  Regiment  in  Xewbern  within  twelve 
hours,  encamping  outside  of  the  city,  and  accompanied  them 
with  sufficient  officers  of  my  staff  to  perform  the  required 
duties. 

Without  the  military  nothing  could  have  been  done;  the 
mere  fact  that  it  was  there  brought  these  parties  to  terms. 
They  defied  the  officers  of  law  for  over  thirty  days,  during 
which  time  the  Sheriff  was  unable  to  get  posses  to  assist 
him  in  executing  writ  of  ejectment.  This  case  was  a  pecu¬ 
liar  one,  and  had  to  be  dealt  with  carefully;  but  without 
this  force  the  county  of  Craven  would  have  been  unable 
to  meet  this  emergency.  During  the  time  the  First  Regi¬ 
ment  was  present  in  Newbern  the  soldiers  behaved  splen¬ 
didly,  and  especially  so  under  the  very  trying  circumstances 
of  the  sudden  encampment.  Four  times  during  the  past 
year,  upon  requisition  of  the  civil  authorities,  troops  have 
been  called  upon  to  preserve  order  and  prevent  anticipated 
riot  or  disturbance.  In  this,  your  capital  city,  only  last  sum 
mer  was  the  Executive  called  upon  after  nightfall  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  prisoners  in  the  county  jail  from  being  lynched 
and  1  am  satisfied  but  for  the  fact  that  a  military  company 
was  stationed  on  guard  these  prisoners  would  have  beei 
taken  out  and  bung,  at  least  some  of  them  would,  withou 


governor’s  message. 


49 


a  trial,  without  an  examination  of  facts  as  to  their  guilt. 
I  cite  this  case  as  an  example  only.  Time  and  again  the 
State  Guard  has  done  good  service.  Hardly  a  year  has 
passed  since  its  organization  that  it  has  not  been  called 
upon  to  protect  property  or  prevent  bloodshed.  Their 
presence  in  the  State  is  assurance  enough  that  the  Execu¬ 
tive  is  able  to  govern  under  the  laws.  The  officers  and 
men  have  always  been  such  as  could  be  trusted  to  execute 
carefully  and  discreetly  such  orders  as  have  been  issued  to 
them. 

The  State  appropriates  $16,000  per  annum  for  the,  sup¬ 
port  of  the  State  Guard.  This  is-used  to  pay  armory  rent 
for  the  store  of  arms  and  drill  purposes,  insurance  on  arms 
and  equipments  and  for  annual  encampment  ($5,000). 
The  National  Government  furnishes  clothing  and  equip¬ 
ments  amounting  to  $9,488.73  for  this  State,  and  so  much 
importance  is  attached  to  the  National  Guard  by  the  gen¬ 
eral  government  that  within  the  past  four  years  the  annual 
appropriation  granted  by  Congress  for  over  one  hundred 
years  has  been  doubled,  and  a  still  further  increase  has 
been  recommended  by  the  President.  North  Carolina,  in 
proportion  to  her  size  and  ability,  does  but  little  for  her 
State  Guard,  as  the  following  will  show: 

STATE  GUARD. 

'Statement  Showing  Amount  of  Annual  Appropriation  Paid 
to  State  Guard  by  Different  States. 


Vlabama  appropriates  annually _ $  20,000 

California  appropriates  annually _  180,000 

folorado  appropriates  annually _ _  30,000 

Connecticut  appropriates  annually _ all  expenses  paid. 

listrict  of  Columbia  appropriates  annually _  19,500 

leorgia  appropriates  annually _  20,000 

4 


50 


GOVERNOR  8  MESSAGE. 


Illinois  appropriates  annually _  132,001 

Indiana  appropriates  annually _  37,001 

Iowa  appropriates  annually _  45,001 

Maine  appropriates  annually _  26. 18.r 

Maryland  appropriates  annually _  45,001 

Massachusetts  appropriates  annually _ 210,001 

Michigan  appropriates  annually _  73,281 

Minnesota  appropriates  annually _  40,001 

New  Hampshire  appropriates  annually _  25,001 

New  York  appropriates  annually _  400,001 

Ohio  appropriates  annually _  1 19,00< 

Oregon  appropriates  annually _  30,001 

Pennsylvania  appropriates-  annually _  320, 00< 

Rhode  Island  appropriates  annually _  56,42 

South  Carolina  appropriates  annually _  25,00'. 

Tennessee  appropriates  annually _  22,501 

Texas  appropriates  annually _  20,00 

Vermont  appropriates  annually _  15,00 

Wisconsin  appropriates  annually _  84,66 


I  would  respectfully  call  your  attention  to  the  full  an 
complete  report  of  the  Adjutant  General  and  his  assoeiaf 
officers.  I  do  not  recommend  at  this  time  an  increase  c 
the  appropriation  further  than  to  heartily  indorse  th 
recommendations  of  the  Adjutant  General.  The  Stat 
should  appreciate  most  highly  the  services  of  her  citizei 
soldiers  and  should  ration  the  troops  and  pay  a  small  pi 
diem  while  engaged  in  the  service  of  the  State.  I  do  m 
deem  it  further  necessary  to  dwell  upon  the  great  impo 
tance  of  a  State  Guard.  It  is  mv  opinion  that  this  is  abs- 
lutely  necessary  to  enable  the  State  at  all  times  to  enford 
the  law.  It  is  by  far  the  cheapest  manner  in  which  it  ea 
he  done.  What  is  $16,000  per  annum  to  the  people  of 
great  State,  when  a  single  “muster”  carried  out  under  tl 


governor’s  message. 


51 


old  militia  laws  of  the  State  would  cost  the  people  at  least 
four  or  five  times  as  much. 

I  commend  to  you  as  business  men,  with  the  welfare  of 
the  State  at  heart,  to  encourage  the  organization  as  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  economy,  maintain  its  efficiency  as  provided  for  in 
the  Constitution,  and  by  your  indorsement  make  the  mem¬ 
bers  thereof  feel  that  the  State  appreciates  their  services 
and  honors  the  men  who  sacrifice  their  time  and  service 
without  pay  and  reward. 

soldiers’  home. 

Originally  this  Home  was  maintained  entirely  by  volun¬ 
tary  contribution.  The  Legislature  of  1891,  recognizing 
he  just  claim  of  the  veteran  Confederate  soldier  to  share 
n  the  distribution  of  the  State’s  charity,  generously  appro- 
mated  $3,000  to  the  support  of  the  Home.  Again  in 
893  the  appropriation  was  supplemented  by  an  addi- 
ional  sum  of  $5,000,  making  a  total  of  $8,000.  At  this 
ame  session  the  sum  of  $3,000  was  appropriated  for 
epairs  and  much-needed  improvements.  By  reference  to 
he  report  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  is  herewith 
"ansmitted,  and  the  Auditor’s  report,  it  will  be  seen  that 
ns  fund  was  judiciously  expended.  The  Board  has  made 
o  recommendation  asking  for  additional  appropriation, 
referring  to  leave  this  matter  to  the  generosity  of  North 
arolina’s  legislators  to  adequately  provide  for  the  dis¬ 
ced  veterans  who  risked  their  lives  in  defense  of  their 
.ate.  I  feel  satisfied  that  the  General  Assembly  will  do 
eir  duty  in  this  matter. 

RAILROAD  COMMISSION. 

Public  regulation  of  railways  is  not  only  a  public  right, 
ht  a  public  duty  of  great  importance,  and  the  right  and 
( ty  of  control  is  no  longer  an  open  question. 


52 


GOVERNOR'S  MESSAGE. 


Railways  are  public  highways  and  have  control  of  trave 
and  commerce,  and  the  necessity  of  their  being  limited  t« 
the  exaction  of  reasonable  rates  is  manifest;  the  masses  o; 
the  people  and  the  business  of  the  country  are  completel; 
at  their  mercy  if  allowed  to  dictate  at  will  the  amount  c 
charges,  etc.  The  General  Assembly  at  its  session  of  189 
passed  an  act  establishing  a  Railroad  Commission. 

The  Board  of  Railroad  Commissioners  are  investe 
with  judicial  powers;  authorized  to  hear  and  decide  con 
plaints;  to  make  rules  for  interchange  of  traffic  betwee 
railroads;  to  hear  and  adjust  the  differences  between  then1 
to  make,  revise,  alter  and  approve  the  tariffs  of  rai 
roads  and  telegraph  companies ;  a  Board  of  Appraise) 
for  railroads,  telegraph  and  steamboat  companies.  Til 
act  has  been  judiciously  construed  in  its  vital  points  k 
the  highest  courts  and  in  every  essential  particular  h; 
been  upheld.  The  policy  of  the  State  and  the  Railroa 
Commission  is  as  friendly  to  railroad  construction  and 
railroad  prosperity  as  it  ever  was. 

The  Railroad  Commission  understands  and  our  peop 
understand  that  their  interests  and  the  interests  of  tl 
railroads  are  so  mutually  dependent  that  any  policy  whit 
would  affect  injuriously  the  railroads  would  as  certain 
operate  against  the  prosperity  and  welfare  of  the  peop 
The  Commission,  in  its  wisdom,  by  a  wise  and  conserv- 
tive  administration,  has  accomplished  great  good,  and 
the  same  time  a  better  feeling  between  the  railroad  co'- 
panies  and  the  people  has  been  brought  about. 

Your  attention  is  called  to  the  reports  of  the  Railrol 
Commission.  It  is  seen  that  many  complaints  from  tm 
to  time,  covering  a  wide  field,  have  been  adjudicated.  Tp 
Railroad  Commission  is  open  to  the  humblest  citizb 
Ills  complaint,  no  matter  how  small,  always  has  a  cared 
consideration  and  a  thorough  investigation. 


governor’s  message. 


53 


The  fact  that  there  is  a  tribunal  to  which  the  people 
can  appeal  from  the  railroads,  and  to  which  the  railroads 
can  appeal  as  against  each  other,  often  prevents  that  wrong 
md  injustice  which  makes  an  appeal  necessary. 

Many  new  depots  and  improved  facilities  have  been 
established  along  the  different  roads  of  the  State.  The 
Commissioners  state  that  it  was  found,  as  a  rule,  great 
nequality  and  differences  existed  at  non-competitive  points 
n  freight  rates ;  that  excessive  charges  were  made  for  short 
lauls,  and  that  discriminations  were  made  at  almost  every 
ntermediate  station.  A  standard  tariff  of  rates  adjusting 
11  these  matters  upon  a  fair  basis  was  made.  This  led 
o  a  reduction  and  saving  to  the  people  upon  freight 
harges  of  about  one-quarter  of  a  million  dollars  per 
nnum ;  passenger  charges  over  two  hundred  thousand 
ollars  per  annum.  Express  rates  have  been  modified. 
Tiegraphing  has  been  simplified  and  rates  reduced  at 
cast  fifty  per  cent. 

The  tax  returns  in  the  Auditor’s  office  upon  the  estab- 
shment  of  the  Commission  show  the  railroad  property 
jeturned  for  taxation  to  have  been  about  $12,000,000 ;  the 
resent  taxable  value  is  about  $25,000,000 — more  than 
joubled.  The  Commission  has  been  active  in  seeing  that 
very  species  of  property  liable  to  taxation  coming  under 
s  jurisdiction  was  placed  upon  the  tax-books.  Many 
eamboats  heretofore  un taxed  and  even  the  Pullman  cars 
inning  through  the  State  are  now  taxed.  Notwithstand- 
g  these  sweeping  reductions  in  rates  and  increased  value 
raced  on  the  property  for  taxation  the  railroad  officials  do 
)t  hesitate  to  say  the  Commission  has  dealt  fairly  with 
em. 

The  people  have  enjoyed  the  advantage  of  lower  rates, 
ad  were  relieved  from  the  evils  of  unjust  discriminations ; 
the  course  of  the  Commission  while  highly  beneficial 


54 


governor’s  message. 


to  the  people  has  not  been  unjust  to  the  railroads,  and  did 
not  prove  injurious  to  them. 

It  is  noticed  that  one  of  the  largest  systems  of  roads  in 
the  State  was  in  the  hands  of  a  receiver.  This  system  has 
now  reorganized  and  on  a  more  solid  basis  than  ever.  The 
Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley  Railway  is  yet  in  the  hands 
of  a  receiver.  The  report  shows  a  decided  improvement 
in  railroad  business  over  that  of  the  previous  year. 

THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  RAILROAD  COMPANY  AND  ITS  EXEMP¬ 
TION  FROM  TAXATION. 

My  purpose  has  been,  as  expressed  in  my  message  to  the 
last  General  Assembly,  to  have  all  the  property  of  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad  Company  assessed  for  taxation 
without  exemption.  All  other  railroad  companies  whose 
charters  contained  exemption  of  property  from  taxation 
have  been  required  by  one  means  and  another  to  beai 
their  burden  of  taxation  without  exemption.  It  is  unnec¬ 
essary  to  enter  now  upon  a  consideration  of  the  reason- 
that  influenced  the  General  Assemblies  of  this  State  many 
years  ago  to  grant  charters  to  railroad  companies  contain¬ 
ing  clauses  exempting  parts  or  all  of  their  property  fron: 
taxation.  It  may  be  safely  stated  that  so  changed  are  tin 
conditions  of  business  and  population  that  under  no  cir 
cumstances  could  a  General  Assembly  be  elected  now  t ha 
would  grant  such  exemptions.  It  may  be  also  safely  stateu 
that  the  present  condition  of  affairs  was  not  in  the  con 
templation  of  those  who  drafted  the  present  charter  of  tin 
North  Carolina  Railroad  Company.  It  is  a  perpetual  coi 
poration.  The  State  owns  three-fourths  of  its  capital  stock 
or  $3,000,000  out  of  a  total  capital  of  $4,000,000.  A 
the  State  has  so  strenuously  and  persistently  insisted  thaj 
all  other  companies  whose  charters  contained  exemption) 
should  surrender  them  it  would  seem  but  an  act  of  simpl 


governor’s  message. 


55 


justice  that  the  exemption  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad 
Company  should  be  likewise  surrendered.  This  would 
have  been  accomplished  but  for  the  vigorous  opposition  of 
the  private  stockholders  of  the  company.  The  directors 
of  the  company  passed  a  resolution  to  waive  the  exemp¬ 
tion  and  list  all  its  property,  hut  the  private  stock¬ 
holders  immediately  applied  to  the  Federal  Court  to 
restrain  such  action,  and  this  suit  is  not  yet  determined. 
In  an  effort  to  obtain  the  sanction  of  the  stockholders  to 
his  action  of  the  directors  the  private  stockholders,  under 
lie  operation  of  a  harsh  and  unreasonable  by-law  adopted 
n  1891,  have  prevented  a  meetingmf  stockholders  for  more 
hail  a  year.  The  by-law  referred  to  requires  that  one 
uindred  of  the  private  stockholders  representing  a  major¬ 
ity  of  the  private  stock  shall  be  represented  in  person  or 
\y  proxy  at  any  meeting  held.  The  charter  contemplates 
unual  meetings  of  the  stockholders:  certain  corporate 
cts  can  be  done  only  at  such  annual  meetings.  The 
xeniption  from  taxation  does  not  extend  to  all  corporate 
roperty  and  continues  only  until  the  dividends  of  profits 
xceed  six  per  cent.  The  company  is  now  practically  out 
f  debt,  and  its  annual  income  exceeds  by  nearly  .$30,000 
x  per  cent,  upon  its  entire  capital  stock.  The  policy  of 
s  management  heretofore  has  been  to  so  increase  its 
vpenses  as  to  consume  any  surplus  over  six  per  cent., 
id  this  it  has  succeeded  in  doing.  The  General  Assembly 
is  for  several  years,  in  its  acts  to  raise  revenue,  attempted 
■  repeal  all  clauses  in  any  railroad  charter  exempting  its 
•operty  in  part  or  whole  from  taxation,  but  these  attempts 
ive  been  rendered  ineffectual  by  the  decisions  of  the 
ideral  Courts.  If  the  condition  upon  which  the  exemp- 
>n  depends  has  not  already  happened  it  is  safe  to  say 
I  at  within  a  very  few  years  we  will  see  the  entire 
operty  of  this  corporation,  without  exemption,  contribut- 


5G 


governor’s  message. 


ing  its  portion  to  the  support  of  the  State  government 
and  paying  equally  with  the  citizens  of  the  State  for  the 
protection  extended  to  it  by  the  laws.  I  shall  not  cease  in 
my  efforts  until  this  he  accomplished. 

I  renew  the  recommendation  made  in  my  inaugural 
address  that  this  immunity  from  taxation  be  repealed.  1 
believe  that  the  interest  of  the  State  and  the  company  will 
not  be  injured  thereby,  and  that  common  honesty  and 
justice  require  it.  The  State  owns  two-thirds  of  the  stock 
of  the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad  Company,  and 
all  of  its  property  pays  its  proportion  of  the  taxes,  State 
county  and  municipal.  The  State  has  said  to  all  other  rail 
roads  within  her  borders,  “You  must  pay  taxes,  or  you  wil 
be  shut  off  from  public  favor  and  consideration  until  you  I 
do.”  This  has  been  done  because  the  people  demand  tha»  > 
all  property  of  all  classes  shall  bear  its  proportion  of  the 
public  burdens.  The  result  is  that  the  Wilmington  <$ 
Weldon  Railroad  Company,  the  Seaboard  A  Roanoke,  tin 
Raleigh  A  Gaston  Company,  the  Petersburg  Company,  the 
Cheraw  A  Salisbury — all  except  the  North  Carolina  Rail 
road  Company  have  surrendered  their  exemptions  and  nov 
pay  taxes  on  all  their  property.  It  would  seem  just  tha  , 
the  State  should  follow  the  Golden  Rule  and  demonstrate  h 
her  citizens  that  in  her  sovereign  capacity  she  require)  1 
nothing  of  them  that  she  will  not  conform  to  when  sli 
lays  aside  her  sovereignty  and  engages  in  a  private  entei 
prise. 

If  the  Legislature  thinks  that  no  action  ought  to  b|  I 
taken  I  recommend  the  consideration  of  some  plan  t  : 
enable  the  company  to  transact  its  business  in  the  stock  ; 
holders’  meeting.  Under  the  present  by-laws  a  little  mor 
than  one-eighth  of  the  stockholders  of  the  company  b; 
absenting  themselves  can  prevent  a  meeting,  and  recta) 
results  show  that  they  will  resort  to  this  measure.  N 


governor’s  message. 


57 


meeting  has  been  held  since  July,  1893,  and  none  is  likely 
to  be  held  unless  the  subject  of  taxation  is  settled. 

REPORT  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  INTERNAL  IMPROVEMENTS. 

In  accordance  with  resolution  of  this  Board  an  inspec¬ 
tion  of  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad  was  ordered, 
so  that  the  present  condition  of  this  State  property  could 
be  placed  before  you. 

I  transmit  herewith  the  report  of  Mr.  Ed.  Chambers 
Smith,  a  member  of  the  Board.  His  report  shows  the 
State  property  to  be  in  excellent  condition,  its  road-bed, 
track  and  bridges  in  good  repair f  its  depots  equal  to  the 
needs  of  the  road;  its  rolling  stock  good;  its  management 
successful.  This  railroad  has  paid  the  State  three  annual 
dividends  of  two  per  cent,  on  the  stock  owned  by  the  State, 
amounting  to  $75,996.  This  stock,  which  up  to  this  time 
has  been  non-paying,  is  now  a  source  of  revenue  and  thereby 
lessens  the  State’s  taxes  to  that  extent. 

The  State  should  feel  proud  of  this  management,  for 
during  the  past  three  years  this  railroad  has  been  touched 
it  its  two  most  important  shipping  points  by  rival  railroads, 
md  the  dividends  declared  under  these  circumstances  prove 
conclusively  that  the  management  lias  been  most  econom- 
’  cal.  Railroads  for  the  past  few  years  have  been  under  a 
great  strain  to  ;make  both  ends  meet,  many  having  gone 
nto  receivers’  hands  and  been  reorganized,  vet  under  such 

||!  .  iD  ■  J 

•ircmnstances  the  only  road  operated  by  the  State  has 
idded  to  our  revenue,  and  in  all  its  affairs  been  managed 
trictly  on  business  principles. 


STATE  BOUNDARY  LINE. 


The  amount  of  $753.88  due  North  Carolina  from  Vir- 
;inia  for  balance  advanced  on  expense  of  running  and 
narking  boundary  liue  incurred  by  that  State  during  the 


58 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


administration  of  Governor  Scales,  which  had  been  repeat* 
edly  asked  for  by  Governors  Fowle  and  Holt,  has  been  col¬ 
lected  by  me  and  covered  into  the  State  Treasury. 

I  found  it  necessary,  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  the 
rights  of  our  citizens,  to  have  run  the  boundary  line  between 
Monroe  county  in  Tennessee,  and  Graham  and  Cherokee  : 
counties  in  this  State.  The  total  cost  was  $577. 

I  have  a  request  from  the  Governor  of  Virginia  that  a  | 
necessity  exists  for  running  a  proper  boundary  line  between 
Mecklenburg  county  in  Virginia,  and  the  counties  of  War¬ 
ren,  Vance  and  Granville  in  North  Carolina.  As  soon  as 
I  can  investigate  the  matter  I  will  ask  you  to  take  such 
action  as  may  he  required  to  protect  our  citizens  in  their 
rights. 

PARDONS,  COMMUTATIONS  AND  REPRIEVES. 

The  total  number  of  pardons  granted  during  the  last 


two  years  was _ 77 

Commutations  _  9 

Reprieves _  5 

Total _ 91 


Of  the  pardons  granted  forty-five  were  pardoned  from 
the  Penitentiary,  twenty-one  from  county  jails,  and  eleven 
from  county  jails  whose  terms  were  less  than  twelve  months. 
Of  the  nine  commutations  two  only  were  commuted  from 
death  sentence  to  the  Penitentiary- — -one  for  life  and  one  for 
thirty  years’  imprisonment.  The  rest  were  changes  in  triv¬ 
ial  sentences.  The  five  reprieves  were  granted  simply  in 
order  to  give  time  for  more  thorough  investigation.  The 
most  difficult  and  trying  task  confronting  the  Executive  is 
a  judicious  and  proper  exercise  of  the  pardoning  power. 
There  has  been  considered  by  the  Executive  2*24  applica¬ 
tions  for  pardon.  Complying  with  law,  1  herewith  transmit 


governor’s  message. 


59 


a  full  list  of  the  pardons  granted  during  the  term  of  my 
office,  with  the  reasons  therefor,  as  an  appendix  to  the 
message. 

SALARIES  AND  FEES. 

In  obedience  to  chapter  424  of  Laws  of  1894  I  report 
the  following  salaries  paid  by  the  Executive  Department: 


Elias  Carr,  Governor _ $3,000  per  annum. 

S.  F.  Telfair,  Private  Secretary _  1,200  “  “ 

Charles  L.  Hinton,  Executive  Clerk _  600  “  “ 

Austin  Dunston,  employee _  1  per  day. 

Expenses  of  Executive  Department  for  rewards  and 
returning  fugitives  from  justice: 

-For  1893 _ $3,376  97 

For  1894 _  2,556  06 

$5,933  03 


Amount  collected  by  Private  Secretary  and  paid  into  the 
Treasury  for  two  years  for  fees  and  seal  tax,  $2,587.42. 

FUGITIVES  FROM  JUSTICE. 

The  expenses  of  offering  and  paying  rewards  and  return 
>f  fugitives  from  justice  vary  each  year  in  accordance  with 
he  distance  and  number  of  fugitives  escaping.  I  would 
uggest  that,  if  possible,  some  legislation  could  be  enacted 
ecpiiring  greater  security  of  prisoners  confined  for  capital 
ases  in  the  county  jails,  and  the  Sheriffs  be  made  more 
esponsible  for  the  security  of  these  prisoners  placed  in  their 
ustody.  It  is  seldom  that  murderers  are  captured  unless 
ewards  are  offered  by  the  Executive,  and  it  is  often  per- 
lexing  to  the  Executive  to  discover  whether  the  arrest 
lade  is  bona  fide  or  collusion  between  the  friends  of  the 
mrderer.  Such  cases  have  been  called  to  my  attention, 


GO 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


and  I  suggest  that  some  law,  if  possible,  be  enacted  to 
remedy  this  evil. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY. 

The  Geological  Survey  has  continued  during  the  past 
two  years  its  examination  of  the  natural  resources  of  the 
State,  and  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to  report  that  the  benefits 
of  this  work  are  becoming  more  important  and  apparent 
as  the  work  progresses. 

The  United  States  Geological  Survey,  as  agreed  upon  in 
the  beginning,  lias  continued  its  active  co-operation  with 
the  State  Survey,  and  the  work  accomplished  has  been 
greatly  increased.  Elaborate  topographic  maps  have  been 
prepared  of  all  the  mountain  counties  and  the  more  west¬ 
ern  Piedmont  counties;  and  the  geological  maps  of  several 
of  these  counties  are  now  being  prepared.  The  iron  ores 
of  the  State  have  been  examined  and  a  preliminary  report 
on  them  published,  which  has  been  highly  commended 
and  extensively  applied  for.  The  corundum  deposits  in 
Clay,  Macon,  Jackson  and  Buncombe  counties  and  the  gold 
and  monazite  deposits  of  Burke,  McDowell,  Rutherford  and 
Cleveland  counties  have  been  examined,  and  reports  on 
these  are  now  in  preparation.  Examinations  of  the  clays, 
feldspars  and  building  stone  in  the  western  and  middle 
counties  and  of  coal  deposits  in  Chatham  county  are  now 
in  progress.  A  considerable  amount  of  attention  has  been 
given  to  an  examination  of  road  materials  and  road  con¬ 
struction  in  the  State,  and  a  bulletin  on  this  subject  has 
been  published.  A  general  survey  of  the  water-powers  of 
the  State  has  been  begun,  and  a  report  on  this  subject  b 
now  ready  for  the  printer.  A  considerable  amount  ol 
attention  lias  been  aiven  to  the  studv  of  the  mineral  water- 
and  the  general  water  supply  in  the  State,  and  especially 
concerning  the  practicability  of  deep  well  borings  in  tin 
eastern  counties. 


governor’s  message. 


61 


An  examination  lias  been  made  of  the  timber  supply, 
and  the  conditions  of  the  forest  lands  of  the  eastern  coun¬ 
ties,  with  especial  reference  as  to  how  our  forest  wealth  may 
be  perpetuated  by  protecting  the  young  growth  and  by 
restocking  waste  lands  with  valuable  trees.  Experiments 
have  been  carried  on  during  the  past  year  (1894)  showing 
how,  by  the  adoption  of  a  different  method  of  gathering- 
turpentine,  the  value  of  the  product  can  be  increased.  A 
report  on  the  forests  of  Eastern  Carolina  is  now  ready  for 
distribution,  and  another  relating  to  the  forests  of  the 
entire  State  is  ready  for  the  printer. 

A  geological  survey  of  the  State  was  inaugurated  under 
Dr.  Emmons  just  prior  to  the  Civil  War,  and  while  it  brought 
many  investments  its  beneficial  effects  were  overthrown  by 
the  war,  and  the  manuscripts  for  a  number  of  reports  were 
lost  or  destroyed.  Subsequently  the  survey  under  Prof. 
W.  C.  Kerr,  though  it  was  instrumental  in  bringing  several 
millions  of  dollars  of  investments  into  the  State,  its  bene¬ 
fits  were  largely  lost  by  the  untimely  death  of  the  State 
Geologist  when  only  one  volume  of  his  reports  had  been 
published. 

The  existing  Survey,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  above  state¬ 
ment  of  its  work,  is  investigating  matters  of  importance  to 
all  sections  of  the  State.  It  will  have  ready  for  publication 
during  the  present  year  nearly  1,000  pages  of  reports.  It 
has  already  been  largely  instrumental  in  bringing  capital 
into  the  State,  it  has  prevented  the  expenditure  of  large 
sums  of  monej^  in  mining  operations  where  money  would 
have  been  wasted,  and  as  the  reports  now  being  published 
are  distributed  its  usefulness  in  this  and  other  ways  will 
be  largely  increased.  Among  the  beneficial  results  of  the 
work  during  the  past  year  it  may  be  mentioned  that  by 
its  experiments  with  the  French  method  of  gathering  tur¬ 
pentine  the  Survey  has  shown  how  the  value  of  this  product 


62 


governor’s  message. 


iii  North  Carolina  has  been  increased  to  the  extent  of  nearly 
$200,000  per  annum ;  and  it  has  been  largely  instrumental 
in  reviving  the  monazite  industry  in  the  Piedmont  counties, 
which  promises  to  bring  into  these  counties  not  less  than 
$100,000  during  the  present  year,  and  perhaps  annually. 

Account  of  Expenditures  for  the  Years  1893  and  189^. 


Iron  ore  investigations  (1893) _ $  1,897  75 

Gold  ore  investigations  (1894)  _ _  1,513  19 

Corundum  investigations _  1,955  54 

Forestry  investigations _  1,590  21 

General  exploration  and  building  stone  investi¬ 
gations  _  2,323  06 

Chemical  work  and  material _  1,133  82 

Photographic  work _  771  54. 

Water-power  investigation  and  topography _  383  83 

Clerical  assistance _  762  65 

Postage _  203  62 

Investments _  312  86 

Equipment  and  repairs _  159  82 

Stationery  and  printing _  58  38 

Freight  and  express _  230  52 

Salary  of  State  Geologist  (for  two  years)  ___  __  5,000  00 

Expenses  of  Geological  Board  meetings _  151  10 

Miscellaneous  -  181  20 

Diamond  drill,  coal  and  marble  explorations  __  1,380  0( 

Total  for  two  years _ $19,999  08 


IMPROVED  ROADS. 

It  is  said  that  the  condition  of  a  country’s  roads  are 
in  a  measure,  indicative  of  the  civilization  of  its  people 
If  this  be  true,  then  North  Carolina  is  low  in  the  scale.  Ii 
many  portions  of  the  State,  at  certain  seasons  of  the  year 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


63 


they  are  almost  impassable,  and  at  best  they  are  scarcely 
worthy  of  the  name.  It  is  useless  to  dwell  upon  the 
importance  of  better  roads.  In  these  days  of  rapid  com¬ 
munication  between  great  centers  of  population  rough 
highways  place  the  people  who  live  remote  from  lines  of 
railways  at  a  fearful  disadvantage.  Not  only  is  the  value 
of  properties  in  such  localities  seriously  affected,  but  com¬ 
munication  and  intercourse  of  every  description  materially 
retarded.  The  old  system  of  working  the  public  roads, 
like  the  roads  themselves,  has  worn  entirely  out,  the  labor 
expended  upon  them  being  in  keeping  with  the  roads,  the 
very  worst.  A  law  must  not  only-be  just,  but  seem  so.  No 
law  upon  our  statute  books  appears  less  just  than  than  the 
present  road  law,  and  a  new  system  is  imperative.  I  am 
glad  to  note,  however,  that  the  people  have  become  aroused 
upon  this  matter,  and  in  some  sections  of  the  State  great 
efforts  are  being  made  to  better  the  condition  of  the  public 
highways,  and  with  marked  success.  I  trust  that  your 
body  will  appoint  a  special  committee  with  ample  powers 
to  look  into  this  very  important  matter,  and  report  a  bill 
embodying  a  satisfactory  measure  during  your  session. 

SHELL-FISH  COMMISSION. 

No  subject  has  probably  aroused  more  interest  in  Eastern 
North  Carolina  since  1890  and  1891,  when  Pamlico  Sound 
vas  invested  by  the  oyster  pirate  boats  from  Chesapeake 
lay,  who  took  wdiat  they  wanted,  frightened  the  citizens 
md  robbed  North  Carolina  of  about  $1,000,000  worth  of 
ysters  (raw  material),  than  this  subject  of  oysters  and 
heir  cultivation.  The  incoming  of  these  strangers  taught 
ur  people  many  things  in  regard  to  the  subject  and 
evealed  to  them  the  immense  richness  of  our  waters  in 
his  bivalve  luxury — introduced  improved  methods  of 
andling  and  dredging.  Such  complaint  was  made  that 


governor’s  message. 


64 

the  Legislature  passed  a  sixty  days’  law,  and  complete  power 
was  given  to  Governor  Fowle  to  rid  the  waters  of  Pamlico 
Sound  of  these  invaders.  Up  to  this  time  factories  had 
been  established  in  most  of  the  seaport  towns,  and  the 
activity  brought  by  this  industry  during  the  winter  and 
spring  months  was  being  visibly  felt  by  the  business  men 
of  that  section.  The  oystermen  of  the  sound  along  the 
coast  felt  that  they  were  deprived  of  their  rights  and  a 
wail  of  discontent  came  up  to  your  predecessors  from  this 
very  worthy  class  of  citizens  to  the  effect  that  this  right 
was  theirs  and  should  not  be  delegated  to  foreigners — men  whe 
were  depriving  them  of  their  livelihood,  and  would  return 
again  to  Maryland  as  soon  as  they  could  make  their  profit* 
out  of  the  business,  etc.,  etc.  Hence  the  present  law  of  tht 
State  relating  to  shell-fish  was  enacted  by  the  Genera 
Assembly  of  1891,  and  being  insufficient  was  amended  b\ 
the  Legislature  of  1893.  The  principal  provisions  of  th< 
original  act  were,  viz.: 

1.  The  total  abolition  of  dredging. 

2.  The  institution  of  culling  laws. 

3.  The  adoption  of  standard  measures. 

4.  The  institution  of  the  Board  of  Shell-fish  Com  mis 
sioners. 

In  order  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  law  witliou 
extra  burdens  upon  the  citizens  of  the  State  a  license  ta 
upon  each  boat  engaged  in  taking  oysters  from  the  publi 
grounds  was  imposed  and  a  tax  of  one  cent  per  bushel  ol 
all  oysters  caught  from  the  public  grounds.  By  this  meaij 
$12,469.44  was  made  available  for  the  Commission  trot 
October  1,  1891,  to  December  7,  1892.  (See  Commissionj 
Lucas’s  report).  By  an  amendment  in  1893  the  individuj 
and  boat  license  tax  was  abolished  and  tax  on  the  bush 
was  increased  from  one  to  two  cents.  No  other  provisic 
was  made  for  revenue  and  the  Commission  was  left  to  su 


governor’s  message. 


65 


port  itself  from  the  revenue  derived  from  these  sources. 
From  October  1,  1893,  to  October  1,  1894,  the  oyster  year, 
$192.75  was  realized  to  the  oyster  fund.  The  Commission 
has  been  powerless  to  enforce  the  law.  Since  October  1, 
1893,  there  have  been  numerous  violations  of  the  law, 
which,  though  known  to  the  Board,  and  could  have  been 
easily  punished,  yet  it  was  impossible  to  prevent,  as  there 
were  no  funds  with  which  to  pay  the  expenses  of  running 
the  patrol  steamer.  Dredging  for  oysters  has  been  indulged 
in — in  some  cases  openly  and  defiantly.  Oysters  have  been 
taken  to  market  out  of  the  State  without  having  been 
inspected  and  without  the  payment  of  the  bushel  tax.  By 
far  the  most  general  infraction  of  the  law  has  been  by 
North  Carolina  oystermen  in  taking  oysters  from  the  public 
'■rounds  without  license.  The  steamer  “Lillie,”  bought  for 
he  purpose  of  a  patrol  boat,  has  been  at  her  moorings  for 
>ver  two  years.  It  has  been  impossible  to  use  her  for  lack 
>f  funds.  In  fact,  the  present  oyster  law  is  a  failure. 
)ther  States  have  succeeded  in  making  just  laws  and 
■stablishing  a  business  from  which  the  citizens  derive  reve- 
iue  and  employment.  There  is  no  market  for  our  oysters 
iow,  and  immense  raw  material  is  wasted  by  being  allowed 
o  remain  on  the  public  rocks  or  grounds  of  the  State 
mused. 

There  are  some  good  reasons  why  dredging  should  not 
e  allowed  (see  report  of  Commissioner),  but,  taking  a 
road  viewr  of  the  situation,  I  am  forced  to  the  conclusion 
lat  the  recommendations  made  by  the  Board  would  prob- 
bly  be  a  solution  of  the  question,  viz : 

The  Board  of  Commissioners,  realizing  that  there  is  vir- 
lally  no  oyster  industry  in  the  State  to-day,  and  with  the 
irnest  desire  to  stimulate  and  promote  such  an  industry, 
icommend  the  enactment  of  a  dredging  law  with  the 
Bowing  restrictions  and  provisions : 


5 


COVER XOE’S  MESSAGE. 


(36 


1.  It  should  be  confined  strictly  to  North  Carolinians 
and  permitted  only  in  the  deep  waters  of  Pamlico  Sound. 

2.  Pamlico  Sound  should  be  divided  as  nearly  as  possi 
hie  into  two  equal  sections,  equal  in  respect  to  the  acres  o 
natural  or  public  grounds,  and  dredging  permitted  ii 
alternate  years  upon  one  of  these  sections  and  prohibitec  j 
upon  the  other,  and  no  dredging  allowed  at  any  tim< 
within  two  miles  of  the  shore  line  at  any  point. 

3.  All  persons  employed  in  work  of  an\r  descriptioi 
whatever  on  a  boat  engaged  in  or  licensed  to  dredg' 
should  be  required  to  have  license  such  as  is  now  require* 
of  tongmen. 

4.  Every  boat  before  engaging  in  dredging  should  b 
required  to  take  out  a  dredging  license  and  pay  therefor  } 
tax,  those  under  custom-house  tonnage  a  specific  amour 
per  ton.  This  tax  should  be  sufficiently  large  to  raid  i> 
ample  revenue  to  strictly  enforce  the  law  and  protect  th 
State’s  interest  and  that  of  the  tongmen. 

5.  Authority  should  be  vested  in  the  Governor  to  su:  , 
pend  dredging  by  proclamation  whenever  and  for  as  loui 

a  time  as  he  may  deem  it  necessary. 

6.  There  should  be  an  appropriation  from  the  Stat 
Treasury  of  a  sum  not  less  than  five  thousand  dollars  pd  i 
annum  to  be  used  for  the  enforcement  of  the  law,  but  t  ^ 
be  refunded  to  the  Treasury  from  the  money  to  be  derive  i 
from  dredging  tax  and  other  sources. 

7.  The  penalties  for  violation  of  the  law  should  ll  If 
severe  and  every  violation  should  work  a  forfeiture  '  i 
license  and  of  the  boat  and  apparatus  used. 

These  are  the  recommendations  of  the  Board.  I  hearti 
indorse  them,  but  do  not  recommend  the  enactment  of  tit 
law  unless  the  provisions  for  carrying  it  out  in  the  sha| 
of  a  five  thousand  dollar  appropriation  be  made.  To  mat 
a  law  of  this  kind  and  expect  it  to  support  itself  untru  > 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


67 


is  nonsense.  The  above  recommendations  are  wise  and 
may  perhaps  result  in  establishing  various  industries  in 
Eastern  Carolina. 

If  your  honorable  body  do  not  see  this  question  in  the 
same  light,  I  agree  with  the  Commissioners  that  the  Shell- 
ish  Commission  should  be  abolished,  the  patrol  steamer 
sold  and  the  proceeds  be  allowed  to  pay  the  indebtedness 
ncurred  by  the  Commission.  But  bear  in  mind,  however, 
hat  when  you  do  this  you  open  the  eastern  sounds  to  the 
iyster  pirates  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  upon  the  honest 
planters  of  oysters  who  have  obtained  grants  of  lands 
rom  the  State  you  turn  the  worst  element  of  oystermen, 
nd  leave  them  to  protect  their  own  beds  from  these  men, 
iVho  have  heretofore  shown  no  regard  whatever  for  the 
aws  of  the  State. 

In  1891,  Governor  Fowle  appointed  Capt.  Adam  Warner 
associate  Shell-fish  Commissioner.  A  better,  truer  or  more 
ighly  respected  man  was  never  in  the  employ  of  the 
tate.  He  served  the  State  faithfully  until  his  death  in 
larch,  1894.  From  the  time  of  his  service  until  Mr. 
lann  was  appointed  Shell-fish  Commissioner  the  State 
ved  him  for  services  as  Captain  of  Patrol  and  Assistant 
lell-fish  Commissioner  and  money  paid  out  of  his  own 


nds  for  expenses  of  patrol _ $2,369  60 

lid  by  Mr.  Lucas _  1,380  00 

dance  due  under  Mr.  Lucas’s  administration-- $  989  60 
fir  the  months  of  October,  November,  December, 

January,  February,  part  of  March _  262  60 


btal  amount  due  Capt.  Warner  up  to  death, 

March  12,  1894 _ $1,252  20 


i 


He  often  made  application  to  the  Chief  Commissioner 
his  salai’y,  but  no  funds  being  in  the  treasury  he  could 
t  be  paid.  His  widow  is  now  in  need,  and  it  is  the  plain 


68 


governor’s  message. 


duty  of  the  State  to  pay  her  this  money,  some  of  which 
was  paid  out  of  his  own  pocket  for  necessary  running 
expenses.  The  vouchers,  properly  signed  and  indorsed  bj 
Commissioners  Lucas  and  Mann,  are  in  my  hands.  I  wil 
furnish  them  to  you  at  any  time.  I  hope  that  you  wil 
appropriate  the  money  for  liquidating  this  debt  at  once 
so  that  the  wants  of  his  widow  may  be  supplied  out  of  ; 
salary  more  than  justly  earned  for  two  years  of  service 

The  State  owes  Mr.  Mann,  Chief  Commissioner,  balanc' 
on  salary,  $980,  and  Mr.  Lucas,  ex-Commissioner,  balanc 
on  salary,  $158,  making  total  debt  $2,360,  which  s’houh 
be  paid  at  once. 

QUARANTINE. 

The  only  quarantine  station  is  at  Southport,  the  mout] 
of  the  Cape  Fear.  The  report  of  Dr.  Curtis  shows  tha 
during  the  past  two  years  most  of  the  foreign  ports  wit 
which  we  have  had  commercial  intercourse  have  bee 
healthy,  and  owing  to  the  substitution  of  steam  for  sailin 
vessels,  the  greater  part  of  the  business  being  done  by  th 
former,  the  latter  return  in  ballast,  mostly  from  health 
European  ports.  The  appropriation  of  $20,000  made  b 
the  last  Legislature  contingent  upon  an  appropriation  froi 
the  city  of  Wilmington  has  not  been  used.  I  make  r 
recommendation  of  changes  in  the  present  law,  for  I  fe 
satisfied  that  the  government  will  take  the  matter  of  qua 
antine  of  American  ports  under  its  supervision,  ai 
thereby  relieve  the  State  of  any  additional  expens 
Although  the  present  system  is  inadequate  for  an  cnu- 
gency,  and  consists  in  a  very  crude  system  of  disinfectin',  t 
still  it  is  a  protection  and  should  be  kept  up  until  son 
better  system  is  inaugurated. 

THE  BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 

From  the  biennial  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Sti" 
Board  of  Health  J  learn  that  in  the  past  two  years  th 


governor’s  message. 


69 


department  of  the  State  government  has  made  marked 
progress  in  its  beneficial  work.  I  respectfully  refer  you  to 
the  report  for  details,  but  am  satisfied  that  by  the  thorough 
distribution  of  the  full  and  explicit  “Instructions  for  Quar¬ 
antine  and  Disinfection”  in  contagious  diseases,  such  as 
diphtheria  and  scarlet  fever  alone,  many  lives  and  a  great 
amount  of  sickness  and  suffering,  with  the  consequent  loss 
of  time  and  money,  have  been  saved.  In  my  opinion  the 
very  small  amount  appropriated  by  the  State  to  this  work 
of  preventing  the  spread  of  disease  among  the  people  could 
not  be  expended  to  greater  advantage. 

COLONIAL  RECORDS. 


The  long-cherished  intention  of  the  State  to  preserve 
and  make  accessible  to  the  public  its  early  records  was  to  a 
large  extent  accomplished  by  the  publication  of  ten  quarto 
volumes  under  the  supervision  of  the  late  Col.  W.  J.  Saun¬ 
ders.  By  his  death  the  work  was  stopped  at  the  year  1776. 
The  Board  have,  however,  had  the  records  as  far  as  by  dili¬ 
gence  they  could  be  recovered  copied  down  to  January  1, 
1781,  the  date  fixed  by  TheCode  (section  3609).  This  matter 
is  now  nearly  ready  for  the  printer.  The  date,  January 
1,  1781,  is  an  inconvenient  one,  being  in  the  midst  of  the 
British  campaign  in  this  State  and  just  prior  to  the  battle 
)f  Guilford.  I  recommend  that  publication  of  these  archives 
)e  authorized  up  to  November,  1789,  when  the  State  entered 
he  Federal  Union,  and  that  a  general  index  of  the  whole 
vork  he  directed  to  be  made. 


CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT. 


The  last  Legislature  patriotically  appropriated  the  sum 
f  $10,000  toward  the  erection  of  a  monument  to  com- 
lemorate  the  deeds  of  our  heroes  who  gave  up  their  lives 
i  defense  of  the  State.  This  fund  has  been  turned  over 


70 


governor’s  message. 


to  the  Confederate  Monumental  Association,  who  are  now 
engaged  in  erecting  the  structure  upon  the  Capitol  Square, 
with  the  prospect  of  an  early  completion. 

DIRECT  LAND  TAX. 


Of  the  funds  returned  by  the  United  States  Government 
for  distribution  among  our  citizens  who  paid  the  Direct 
Land  Tax  there  remains  $24,000  in  North  Carolina  four 

per  cent,  bonds,  worth  to-day _ $  24,480  00 

Cash  in  Citizens  National  Bank _  3,508  39 

Loaned  to  the  State  by  act  of  Assembly,  World’s 

Fair _ J _ _ _  25,000  00 

Balance  principal _ $52,988  39 


The  expense  attending  the  distribution  of  this  fund  has 
been  defrayed  from  the  accruing  interest,  of  which  there  is 
at  present  a  balance  to  the  credit  of  expense  account 
deposited  in  Raleigh  Savings  Bank  of  $1,998.48. 


A  MONUMENT  TO  SENATOR  VANCE. 


1  cannot  close  this  message  without  calling  to  your  atten-l 
tiou  that  during  the  past  year  the  State  has  been  deprived 


labors  in  the  LTnited  States  Senate  in  behalf  of  the  people’s  j 
rights  had  gradually  impaired  his  health  until  nature  was 
forced  to  succumb. 

As  soon  as  possible  after  his  death  was  announced  tin 
Council  of  State  met  and,  thinking  it  proper  that  one  sL 
distinguished  and  beloved  by  the  people  of  North  Carolin; 
should  receive  from  the  State  all  reverence  and  respect 
requested  that  his  remains  might  be  brought  to  the  capi 
tal,  lie  in  state  and  be  buried  where  he  was  thrice  inaugnl  j 
rated  Governor. 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


71 


In  accordance  with  this  request  his  body  was  permitted 
to  lie  in  state  in  the  Capitol  for  a  few  hours  and  was  then 
conveyed  to  Asheville,  where  he  requested  to  be  buried. 
The  State  officers  and  many  prominent  citizens  accom¬ 
panied  the  remains. 

Senator  Vance’s  life  was  known  and  read  among  all 
,  classes  in  this  State,  and  the  acts  of  his  public  life  form  a 
part  of  its  history.  His  wise  counsel  and  able  statesman- 
Lship  will  long  be  cherished  and  his  memory  beloved  by 
the  people  of  North  Carolina.  I  would  recommend  to  your 
honorable  body  that  suitable  resolutions  commemorative 
i  )f  his  services  be  adopted  and  that  you  cause  to  be  erected 
i  monument  to  his  memory  as  a  tribute  of  love  from  his 
joeople. 

CONCLUSION. 

In  a  message  of  such  length,  embracing  so  many  sub- 
eets  of  importance,  it  is  impossible  to  enter  much  into 

Sletails  of  any  particular  subject.  If,  however,  you  desire 
ny  further  information  it  will  be  my  pleasure  to  furnish 
on  as  far  as  possible.  The  record  of  the  past  two  years 
> ;  before  you,  and  the  officers  of  the  Executive  branch  of 
le  government  take  pride  in  placing  before  you  reports  so 
implete  with  statements  which  show  conclusively  the  wis- 
:>m  of  the  administration. 

The  past  history  of  a  clean,  successful  State  government, 
ee  from  reckless  expenditures,  honest  and  economical  in 
[ministration,  is  behind  }Tou,  a  part  of  the  record  of  the 
•  trty  who  now  turns  over  to  you  the  future  administration 
the  State,  so  far  as  it  pertains  to  legislation.  Believing 
at  you  have  the  best  interest  of  your  State  at  heart,  I 
hst  that  you  will  be  wise,  judicious  and  careful  in  your 
(actments  and  economical  in  expenditures.  I  do  not 
luncil  that  economy  which  amounts  to  rendering  useless 


72 


GOVERNOR  S  MESSAGE. 


anv  institution  now  in  existence,  and  hope  that  they  will 
receive  your  careful  investigation  and  liberal  appropria¬ 
tions. 

I  trust,  gentlemen  of  the  General  Assembly,  that  your 
stay  in  the  capital  city  may  be  pleasant  and  your  term  of 
office  such  as  will  add  still  greater  prosperity  and  happi¬ 
ness  to  a  free,  independent  and  liberty-loving  people. 

ELIAS  CARR, 
Governor  of  North  Carolina . 


\ 

♦ 


